IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i11p3348-d570325.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Potential Use of Fly Ash from the Pulp and Paper Industry as Thermochemical Energy and CO 2 Storage Material

Author

Listed:
  • Saman Setoodeh Jahromy

    (Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

  • Mudassar Azam

    (Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

  • Christian Jordan

    (Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

  • Michael Harasek

    (Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

  • Franz Winter

    (Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

As a part of our research in the field of thermochemical energy storage, this study aims to investigate the potential of three fly ash samples derived from the fluidized bed reactors of three different pulp and paper plants in Austria for their use as thermochemical energy (TCES) and CO 2 storage materials. The selected samples were analyzed by different physical and chemical analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) under different atmospheres (N 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O/CO 2 ). To evaluate the environmental impact, leaching tests were also performed. The amount of CaO as a promising candidate for TCES was verified by XRF analysis, which was in the range of 25–63% ( w/w ). XRD results indicate that the CaO lies as free lime (3–32%), calcite (21–29%), and silicate in all fly ash samples. The results of STA show that all fly ash samples could fulfill the requirements for TCES (i.e., charging and discharging). A cycling stability test of three cycles was demonstrated for all samples which indicates a reduction of conversion in the first three reaction cycles. The energy content of the examined samples was up to 504 kJ/kg according to the STA results. More energy (~1090 kJ/kg) in the first discharging step in the CO 2 /H 2 O atmosphere could be released through two kinds of fly ash samples due to the already existing free lime (CaO) in those samples. The CO 2 storage capacity of these fly ash samples ranged between 18 and 110 kg per ton of fly ash, based on the direct and dry method. The leaching tests showed that all heavy metals were below the limit values of the Austrian landfill ordinance. It is viable to say that the valorization of fly ash from the pulp and paper industries via TCES and CO 2 storage is plausible. However, further investigations such as cycling stability improvement, system integration and a life cycle assessment (LCA) still need to be conducted.

Suggested Citation

  • Saman Setoodeh Jahromy & Mudassar Azam & Christian Jordan & Michael Harasek & Franz Winter, 2021. "The Potential Use of Fly Ash from the Pulp and Paper Industry as Thermochemical Energy and CO 2 Storage Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3348-:d:570325
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3348/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3348/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aydin, Devrim & Casey, Sean P. & Riffat, Saffa, 2015. "The latest advancements on thermochemical heat storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 356-367.
    2. André, Laurie & Abanades, Stéphane & Flamant, Gilles, 2016. "Screening of thermochemical systems based on solid-gas reversible reactions for high temperature solar thermal energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 703-715.
    3. Deutsch, Markus & Müller, Danny & Aumeyr, Christian & Jordan, Christian & Gierl-Mayer, Christian & Weinberger, Peter & Winter, Franz & Werner, Andreas, 2016. "Systematic search algorithm for potential thermochemical energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 113-120.
    4. Chen, Huichao & Zhang, Pingping & Duan, Yufeng & Zhao, Changsui, 2016. "Reactivity enhancement of calcium based sorbents by doped with metal oxides through the sol–gel process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 390-400.
    5. del Valle-Zermeño, Ricardo & Barreneche, Camila & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Formosa, Joan & Fernández, A. Inés & Chimenos, Josep M., 2016. "MSWI bottom ash for thermal energy storage: An innovative and sustainable approach for its reutilization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 431-436.
    6. Jing, Jie-ying & Li, Ting-yu & Zhang, Xue-wei & Wang, Shi-dong & Feng, Jie & Turmel, William A. & Li, Wen-ying, 2017. "Enhanced CO2 sorption performance of CaO/Ca3Al2O6 sorbents and its sintering-resistance mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 225-233.
    7. Pardo, P. & Deydier, A. & Anxionnaz-Minvielle, Z. & Rougé, S. & Cabassud, M. & Cognet, P., 2014. "A review on high temperature thermochemical heat energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 591-610.
    8. Müller, Danny & Knoll, Christian & Gravogl, Georg & Artner, Werner & Welch, Jan M. & Eitenberger, Elisabeth & Friedbacher, Gernot & Schreiner, Manfred & Harasek, Michael & Hradil, Klaudia & Werner, An, 2019. "Tuning the performance of MgO for thermochemical energy storage by dehydration – From fundamentals to phase impurities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Chinchu Cherian & Sumi Siddiqua, 2019. "Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-16, August.
    10. Clemens Huber & Saman Setoodeh Jahromy & Christian Jordan & Manfred Schreiner & Michael Harasek & Andreas Werner & Franz Winter, 2019. "Boric Acid: A High Potential Candidate for Thermochemical Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, March.
    11. Laurie André & Stéphane Abanades, 2020. "Recent Advances in Thermochemical Energy Storage via Solid–Gas Reversible Reactions at High Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-23, November.
    12. Khosa, Azhar Abbas & Yan, J. & Zhao, C.Y., 2021. "Investigating the effects of ZnO dopant on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of CaCO3/CaO TCES system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    13. Chen, Xiaoyi & Jin, Xiaogang & Liu, Zhimin & Ling, Xiang & Wang, Yan, 2018. "Experimental investigation on the CaO/CaCO3 thermochemical energy storage with SiO2 doping," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 128-138.
    14. Gutierrez, Andrea & Miró, Laia & Gil, Antoni & Rodríguez-Aseguinolaza, Javier & Barreneche, Camila & Calvet, Nicolas & Py, Xavier & Inés Fernández, A. & Grágeda, Mario & Ushak, Svetlana & Cabeza, Luis, 2016. "Advances in the valorization of waste and by-product materials as thermal energy storage (TES) materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 763-783.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ying Yang & Yingjie Li & Xianyao Yan & Jianli Zhao & Chunxiao Zhang, 2021. "Development of Thermochemical Heat Storage Based on CaO/CaCO 3 Cycles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski, 2021. "Green Concrete Based on Quaternary Binders with Significant Reduced of CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pelay, Ugo & Luo, Lingai & Fan, Yilin & Stitou, Driss & Rood, Mark, 2017. "Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 82-100.
    2. Flegkas, S. & Birkelbach, F. & Winter, F. & Freiberger, N. & Werner, A., 2018. "Fluidized bed reactors for solid-gas thermochemical energy storage concepts - Modelling and process limitations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 615-623.
    3. Yi Yuan & Yingjie Li & Jianli Zhao, 2018. "Development on Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on CaO-Based Materials: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-24, July.
    4. Georgios E. Arnaoutakis & Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis, 2021. "Concentrating Solar Power Advances in Geometric Optics, Materials and System Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, September.
    5. Mamani, V. & Gutiérrez, A. & Fernández, A.I. & Ushak, S., 2020. "Industrial carnallite-waste for thermochemical energy storage application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    6. Pelay, Ugo & Luo, Lingai & Fan, Yilin & Stitou, Driss & Castelain, Cathy, 2019. "Integration of a thermochemical energy storage system in a Rankine cycle driven by concentrating solar power: Energy and exergy analyses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 498-510.
    7. Saman Setoodeh Jahromy & Felix Birkelbach & Christian Jordan & Clemens Huber & Michael Harasek & Andreas Werner & Franz Winter, 2019. "Impact of Partial Pressure, Conversion, and Temperature on the Oxidation Reaction Kinetics of Cu 2 O to CuO in Thermochemical Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-15, February.
    8. Xu, Y.X. & Yan, J. & Zhao, C.Y., 2022. "Investigation on application temperature zone and exergy loss regulation based on MgCO3/MgO thermochemical heat storage and release process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    9. Chen, Xiaoyi & Jin, Xiaogang & Liu, Zhimin & Ling, Xiang & Wang, Yan, 2018. "Experimental investigation on the CaO/CaCO3 thermochemical energy storage with SiO2 doping," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 128-138.
    10. Sunku Prasad, J. & Muthukumar, P. & Desai, Fenil & Basu, Dipankar N. & Rahman, Muhammad M., 2019. "A critical review of high-temperature reversible thermochemical energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    11. Gravogl, Georg & Knoll, Christian & Artner, Werner & Welch, Jan M. & Eitenberger, Elisabeth & Friedbacher, Gernot & Harasek, Michael & Hradil, Klaudia & Werner, Andreas & Weinberger, Peter & Müller, D, 2019. "Pressure effects on the carbonation of MeO (Me = Co, Mn, Pb, Zn) for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    12. Khosa, Azhar Abbas & Yan, J. & Zhao, C.Y., 2021. "Investigating the effects of ZnO dopant on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of CaCO3/CaO TCES system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    13. Schmidt, Matthias & Linder, Marc, 2017. "Power generation based on the Ca(OH)2/ CaO thermochemical storage system – Experimental investigation of discharge operation modes in lab scale and corresponding conceptual process design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 594-607.
    14. Müller, Danny & Knoll, Christian & Gravogl, Georg & Jordan, Christian & Eitenberger, Elisabeth & Friedbacher, Gernot & Artner, Werner & Welch, Jan M. & Werner, Andreas & Harasek, Michael & Miletich, R, 2021. "Medium-temperature thermochemical energy storage with transition metal ammoniates – A systematic material comparison," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    15. Dizaji, Hossein Beidaghy & Hosseini, Hannaneh, 2018. "A review of material screening in pure and mixed-metal oxide thermochemical energy storage (TCES) systems for concentrated solar power (CSP) applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 9-26.
    16. Müller, Danny & Knoll, Christian & Gravogl, Georg & Artner, Werner & Welch, Jan M. & Eitenberger, Elisabeth & Friedbacher, Gernot & Schreiner, Manfred & Harasek, Michael & Hradil, Klaudia & Werner, An, 2019. "Tuning the performance of MgO for thermochemical energy storage by dehydration – From fundamentals to phase impurities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    17. Khosa, Azhar Abbas & Han, Xinyue & Zhao, C.Y., 2024. "Experimental investigation of CaCO3/CaO reaction pair in a fixed bed reactor for CSP application," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    18. Anti Kur & Jo Darkwa & John Calautit & Rabah Boukhanouf & Mark Worall, 2023. "Solid–Gas Thermochemical Energy Storage Materials and Reactors for Low to High-Temperature Applications: A Concise Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-35, January.
    19. Laurie André & Stéphane Abanades, 2020. "Recent Advances in Thermochemical Energy Storage via Solid–Gas Reversible Reactions at High Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-23, November.
    20. Peng, Xinyue & Yao, Min & Root, Thatcher W. & Maravelias, Christos T., 2020. "Design and analysis of concentrating solar power plants with fixed-bed reactors for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3348-:d:570325. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.