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Increased Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency with Optimized Valve Timings in Extended Stroke Operation

Author

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  • Andyn Omanovic

    (Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
    Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Norbert Zsiga

    (Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland)

  • Patrik Soltic

    (Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland)

  • Christopher Onder

    (Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland)

Abstract

Spark-ignited internal combustion engines are known to exhibit a decreased brake efficiency in part-load operation. Similarly to cylinder deactivation, the x-stroke operation presented in this paper is an adjustable form of skip-cycle operation. It is an effective measure to increase the efficiency of an internal combustion engine, which has to be equipped with a variable valve train to enable this feature. This paper presents an optimization procedure for the exhaust valve timings applicable to any valid stroke operation number greater than four. In the first part, the gas spring operation, during which all gas exchange valves are closed, is explained, as well as how it affects the indicated efficiency and the blow-by mass flow. In the second part, a simulation model with variable valve timings, parameterized with measurement data obtained on the engine test, is used to find the optimal valve timings. We show that in 12-stroke operation and with a cylinder load of 5 Nm, an indicated efficiency of 34.3% is achieved. Preloading the gas spring with residual gas prevents oil suction and thus helps to reduce hydrocarbon emissions. Measurements of load variations in 4-, 8-, and 12-stroke operations show that by applying an x-stroke operation, the indicated efficiency remains high and the center of combustion remains optimal in the range of significantly lower torque outputs.

Suggested Citation

  • Andyn Omanovic & Norbert Zsiga & Patrik Soltic & Christopher Onder, 2021. "Increased Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency with Optimized Valve Timings in Extended Stroke Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2750-:d:552368
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mamdouh Alshammari & Fuhaid Alshammari & Apostolos Pesyridis, 2019. "Electric Boosting and Energy Recovery Systems for Engine Downsizing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-33, December.
    2. Michelangelo Balmelli & Norbert Zsiga & Laura Merotto & Patrik Soltic, 2020. "Effect of the Intake Valve Lift and Closing Angle on Part Load Efficiency of a Spark Ignition Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Norbert Zsiga & Johannes Ritzmann & Patrik Soltic, 2021. "Practical Aspects of Cylinder Deactivation and Reactivation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, April.
    4. Bozza, Fabio & De Bellis, Vincenzo & Teodosio, Luigi, 2016. "Potentials of cooled EGR and water injection for knock resistance and fuel consumption improvements of gasoline engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 112-125.
    5. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Martínez-Boggio, Santiago & Wittek, Karsten, 2020. "Potential of hybrid powertrains in a variable compression ratio downsized turbocharged VVA Spark Ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    6. Florian Zurbriggen & Richard Hutter & Christopher Onder, 2016. "Diesel-Minimal Combustion Control of a Natural Gas-Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Conklin, James C. & Szybist, James P., 2010. "A highly efficient six-stroke internal combustion engine cycle with water injection for in-cylinder exhaust heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1658-1664.
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    Cited by:

    1. Clemens Gößnitzer & Shawn Givler, 2021. "A New Method to Determine the Impact of Individual Field Quantities on Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in a Spark-Ignited Gas Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Andyn Omanovic & Norbert Zsiga & Patrik Soltic & Christopher Onder, 2021. "Optimal Degree of Hybridization for Spark-Ignited Engines with Optional Variable Valve Timings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, December.

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