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Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Microalgae Biocrude from Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Heteroatom Removal and Their Distribution in Distillation Cuts

Author

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  • Muhammad Salman Haider

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark)

  • Daniele Castello

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark)

  • Karol Michal Michalski

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark)

  • Thomas Helmer Pedersen

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark)

  • Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark)

Abstract

To obtain drop-in fuel properties from 3rd generation biomass, we herein report the catalytic hydrotreatment of microalgae biocrude, produced from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Spirulina . Our contribution focuses on the effect of temperature, initial H 2 pressure, and residence time on the removal of heteroatoms (O and N) in a batch hydrotreating setup. In contrast to common experimental protocols for hydrotreating at batch scale, we devised a set of two-level factorial experiments and studied the most influential parameters affecting the removal of heteroatoms. It was found that up to 350 °C, the degree of deoxygenation (de-O) is mainly driven by temperature, whereas the degree of denitrogenation (de-N) also relies on initial H 2 pressure and temperature-pressure interaction. Based on this, complete deoxygenation was obtained at mild operating conditions (350 °C), reaching a concurrent 47% denitrogenation. Moreover, three optimized experiments are reported with 100% removal of oxygen. In addition, the analysis by GC-MS and Sim-Dis gives insight to the fuel quality. The distribution of heteroatom N in lower (<340 °C) and higher (>340 °C) fractional cuts is studied by a fractional distillation unit following ASTM D-1160. Final results show that 63–68% of nitrogen is concentrated in higher fractional cuts.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Salman Haider & Daniele Castello & Karol Michal Michalski & Thomas Helmer Pedersen & Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl, 2018. "Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Microalgae Biocrude from Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Heteroatom Removal and Their Distribution in Distillation Cuts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:12:p:3360-:d:186902
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pedersen, T.H. & Jensen, C.U. & Sandström, L. & Rosendahl, L.A., 2017. "Full characterization of compounds obtained from fractional distillation and upgrading of a HTL biocrude," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 408-419.
    2. Edward Frank & Amgad Elgowainy & Jeongwoo Han & Zhichao Wang, 2013. "Life cycle comparison of hydrothermal liquefaction and lipid extraction pathways to renewable diesel from algae," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 137-158, January.
    3. Toor, Saqib Sohail & Rosendahl, Lasse & Rudolf, Andreas, 2011. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2328-2342.
    4. Jerome A. Ramirez & Richard J. Brown & Thomas J. Rainey, 2015. "A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Properties and Prospects for Upgrading to Transportation Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-30, July.
    5. Konstantinos Anastasakis & Patrick Biller & René B. Madsen & Marianne Glasius & Ib Johannsen, 2018. "Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass in a Novel Pilot Plant with Heat Recovery and Hydraulic Oscillation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-23, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Taghipour, Alireza & Ramirez, Jerome A. & Brown, Richard J. & Rainey, Thomas J., 2019. "A review of fractional distillation to improve hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude characteristics; future outlook and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    2. Castello, Daniele & Haider, Muhammad Salman & Rosendahl, Lasse Aistrup, 2019. "Catalytic upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrudes: Different challenges for different feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 420-430.
    3. Shahbeik, Hossein & Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Hamed & Dehhaghi, Mona & Guillemin, Gilles J. & Fallahi, Alireza & Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa & Amiri, Hamid & Rehan, Mohammad & Raikwar, Deepak & Latine, , 2024. "Biomass to biofuels using hydrothermal liquefaction: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    4. Ekaterina Ovsyannikova & Andrea Kruse & Gero C. Becker, 2020. "Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.
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    6. Liu, Xu & Guo, Yang & Dasgupta, Anish & He, Haoran & Xu, Donghai & Guan, Qingqing, 2022. "Algal bio-oil refinery: A review of heterogeneously catalyzed denitrogenation and demetallization reactions for renewable process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 627-650.

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