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Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wet Wastes

Author

Listed:
  • Dylan J. Cronin

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Senthil Subramaniam

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Casper Brady

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Alan Cooper

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Zhibin Yang

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Kettering Laboratories, University of Dayton (UD), Dayton, OH 45469, USA)

  • Joshua Heyne

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Kettering Laboratories, University of Dayton (UD), Dayton, OH 45469, USA)

  • Corinne Drennan

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Karthikeyan K. Ramasamy

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA)

  • Michael R. Thorson

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA)

Abstract

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) uses heat and pressure to liquefy the organic matter in biomass/waste feedstocks to produce biocrude. When hydrotreated the biocrude is converted into transportation fuels including sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Further, by liquifying the organic matter in wet wastes such as sewage sludge, manure, and food waste, HTL can prevent landfilling or other disposal methods such as anerobic digestion, or incineration. A significant roadblock to the development of a new route for SAF is the strict approval process, and the large volumes required (>400 L) for testing. Tier α and β testing can predict some of the properties required for ASTM testing with <400 mL samples. The current study is the first to investigate the potential for utilizing wet-waste HTL biocrude (WWHTLB) as an SAF feedstock. Herein, several WWHTLB samples were produced from food waste, sewage sludge, and fats, oils, and grease, and subsequently hydrotreated and distilled to produce SAF samples. The fuels (both undistilled and distilled samples) were analyzed via elemental and 2D-GC-MS. Herein, we report the Tier α and β analysis of an SAF sample derived originally from a WWHTLB. The results of this work indicate that the upgraded WWHTLB material exhibits key fuel properties, including carbon number distribution, distillation profile, surface tension, density, viscosity, heat of combustion, and flash point, which all fall within the required range for aviation fuel. WWHTLB has therefore been shown to be a promising candidate feedstock for the production of SAF.

Suggested Citation

  • Dylan J. Cronin & Senthil Subramaniam & Casper Brady & Alan Cooper & Zhibin Yang & Joshua Heyne & Corinne Drennan & Karthikeyan K. Ramasamy & Michael R. Thorson, 2022. "Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wet Wastes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1306-:d:747054
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xu, Donghai & Lin, Guike & Guo, Shuwei & Wang, Shuzhong & Guo, Yang & Jing, Zefeng, 2018. "Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of algae and upgrading of biocrude: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 103-118.
    2. Castello, Daniele & Haider, Muhammad Salman & Rosendahl, Lasse Aistrup, 2019. "Catalytic upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrudes: Different challenges for different feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 420-430.
    3. Hu, Yulin & Gong, Mengyue & Feng, Shanghuan & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Bassi, Amarjeet, 2019. "A review of recent developments of pre-treatment technologies and hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae for bio-crude oil production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 476-492.
    4. Muhammad Salman Haider & Daniele Castello & Karol Michal Michalski & Thomas Helmer Pedersen & Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl, 2018. "Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Microalgae Biocrude from Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Heteroatom Removal and Their Distribution in Distillation Cuts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Gollakota, A.R.K. & Kishore, Nanda & Gu, Sai, 2018. "A review on hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1378-1392.
    6. Dimitriadis, Athanasios & Bezergianni, Stella, 2017. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of various biomass and waste feedstocks for biocrude production: A state of the art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 113-125.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emmanouilidou, Elissavet & Mitkidou, Sophia & Agapiou, Agapios & Kokkinos, Nikolaos C., 2023. "Solid waste biomass as a potential feedstock for producing sustainable aviation fuel: A systematic review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 897-907.

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