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The Effect of Fuel Cell and Battery Size on Efficiency and Cell Lifetime for an L7e Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle

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  • Tom Fletcher

    (School of Aeronautical and Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering (AACME), Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3AP, UK)

  • Kambiz Ebrahimi

    (School of Aeronautical and Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering (AACME), Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3AP, UK)

Abstract

The size of the fuel cell and battery of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) will heavily affect the overall performance of the vehicle, its fuel economy, driveability, and the rates of fuel cell degradation observed. An undersized fuel cell may experience accelerated ageing of the fuel cell membrane and catalyst due to excessive heat and transient loading. This work describes a multi-objective design exploration exercise of fuel cell size and battery capacity comparing hydrogen fuel consumption, fuel cell lifetime, vehicle mass and running cost. For each system design considered, an individually optimised Energy Management Strategy (EMS) has been generated using Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) in order to prevent bias to the results due to the control strategy. It has been found that the objectives of fuel efficiency, lifetime and running cost are largely complimentary, but degradation and running costs are much more sensitive to design changes than fuel efficiency and therefore should be included in any optimisation. Additionally, due to the expense of the fuel cell, combined with the dominating effect of start/stop cycling degradation, the optimal design from an overall running cost perspective is slightly downsized from one which is optimised purely for high efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Tom Fletcher & Kambiz Ebrahimi, 2020. "The Effect of Fuel Cell and Battery Size on Efficiency and Cell Lifetime for an L7e Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:22:p:5889-:d:443456
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Peng, Jiankun & Shen, Yang & Wu, ChangCheng & Wang, Chunhai & Yi, Fengyan & Ma, Chunye, 2023. "Research on energy-saving driving control of hydrogen fuel bus based on deep reinforcement learning in freeway ramp weaving area," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    3. Antonia Cevallos-Escandón & Edgar Antonio Barragan-Escandón & Esteban Zalamea-León & Xavier Serrano-Guerrero & Julio Terrados-Cepeda, 2023. "Assessing the Feasibility of Hydrogen and Electric Buses for Urban Public Transportation using Rooftop Integrated Photovoltaic Energy in Cuenca Ecuador," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-14, July.
    4. Yang Gao & Changhong Liu & Yuan Liang & Sadegh Kouhestani Hamed & Fuwei Wang & Bo Bi, 2022. "Minimizing Energy Consumption and Powertrain Cost of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Consideration of Different Driving Cycles and SOC Ranges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-12, August.
    5. Chiara Dall’Armi & Davide Pivetta & Rodolfo Taccani, 2021. "Health-Conscious Optimization of Long-Term Operation for Hybrid PEMFC Ship Propulsion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-20, June.

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