IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i19p3714-d271721.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Biodiesel Production from Reutealis Trisperma Oil Using KOH Impregnated Eggshell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Author

Listed:
  • Kusmiyati Kusmiyati

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang 50241, Indonesia)

  • Didik Prasetyoko

    (Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Energy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)

  • Siwi Murwani

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Muhammadiyah of University Surakarta, Surakarta 57162, Indonesia)

  • Muthiah Nur Fadhilah

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Muhammadiyah of University Surakarta, Surakarta 57162, Indonesia)

  • Titie Prapti Oetami

    (Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Energy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)

  • Hadiyanto Hadiyanto

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Muhammadiyah of University Surakarta, Surakarta 57162, Indonesia
    School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia)

  • Widayat Widayat

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia)

  • Arief Budiman

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)

  • Achmad Roesyadi

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)

Abstract

This research paper describes the synthesis of a heterogeneous catalyst (Potassium hydroxide (KOH)-impregnated eggshell) from waste chicken eggshell using the wet impregnation technique. In this experiment, the catalyst was derived from eggshell that was calcined at 800 °C for 5 h. It was impregnated with KOH at various KOH concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). The best catalyst was obtained by eggshell impregnated with 20% KOH concentration. This result was supported by the analysis of the catalyst characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), which showed that the catalyst contained CaCO 3 and CaOH groups. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was also used to analyze the types of mineral contained in the catalyst, including calcium, potassium, sulfur, and other impurities. It revealed that the optimum minerals were found in the KOH-impregnated eggshell (20%) catalyst of 94.42% calcium, 5.06% potassium, and a small amount of other impurities. These optimum minerals serve as active sites to increase the biodiesel yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the catalyst samples appear as small, spherical, homogenous, and solid particles. The catalytic activity was investigated by the transesterification of Reutalism trisperma oil in various types of catalyst (KOH-impregnated eggshell, eggshell, and KOH-impregnated CaO), percentages of catalyst loading (weight of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%) and molar ratios (methanol to oil of 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, and 15:1) for 60 min at 60 °C. The result indicated the optimum catalyst loading was 5 wt% with an 84.57% biodiesel yield. While the best molar ratio was 12:1 (methanol:oil) with a 97.95% biodiesel yield. The optimum condition was gained using a molar ratio of 12:1, 5 wt% catalyst loading, and KOH-impregnated eggshell with a 94% biodiesel yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Kusmiyati Kusmiyati & Didik Prasetyoko & Siwi Murwani & Muthiah Nur Fadhilah & Titie Prapti Oetami & Hadiyanto Hadiyanto & Widayat Widayat & Arief Budiman & Achmad Roesyadi, 2019. "Biodiesel Production from Reutealis Trisperma Oil Using KOH Impregnated Eggshell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:19:p:3714-:d:271721
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/19/3714/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/19/3714/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Farooq, Muhammad & Ramli, Anita & Naeem, Abdul, 2015. "Biodiesel production from low FFA waste cooking oil using heterogeneous catalyst derived from chicken bones," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 362-368.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Daimary, Niran & Boruah, Pankaj & Eldiehy, Khalifa S.H. & Pegu, Tapan & Bardhan, Pritam & Bora, Utpal & Mandal, Manabendra & Deka, Dhanapati, 2022. "Musa acuminata peel: A bioresource for bio-oil and by-product utilization as a sustainable source of renewable green catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 450-462.
    2. Bet-Moushoul, Elsie & Farhadi, Khalil & Mansourpanah, Yaghoub & Molaie, Rahim & Forough, Mehrdad & Nikbakht, Ali Mohammad, 2016. "Development of novel Ag/bauxite nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 12-21.
    3. Lani, Nurul Saadiah & Ngadi, Norzita & Inuwa, Ibrahim Mohammed, 2020. "New route for the synthesis of silica-supported calcium oxide catalyst in biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 1266-1277.
    4. Verma, Puneet & Sharma, M.P. & Dwivedi, Gaurav, 2016. "Impact of alcohol on biodiesel production and properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 319-333.
    5. Renas Hasan Saeed Saeed & Youssef Kassem & Hüseyin Çamur, 2019. "Effect of Biodiesel Mixture Derived from Waste Frying-Corn, Frying-Canola-Corn and Canola-Corn Cooking Oils with Various ‎Ages on Physicochemical Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-26, September.
    6. Maria Ameen & Mushtaq Ahmad & Muhammad Zafar & Mamoona Munir & Muhammad Mujtaba Mujtaba & Shazia Sultana & Rozina . & Samah Elsayed El-Khatib & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & M. A. Kalam, 2022. "Prospects of Catalysis for Process Sustainability of Eco-Green Biodiesel Synthesis via Transesterification: A State-Of-The-Art Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-38, June.
    7. Khan, Ihtisham Wali & Naeem, Abdul & Farooq, Muhammad & Mahmood, Tahira & Ahmad, Bashir & Hamayun, Muhammad & Ahmad, Zahoor & Saeed, Tooba, 2020. "Catalytic conversion of spent frying oil into biodiesel over raw and 12-tungsto-phosphoric acid modified clay," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 181-188.
    8. Enagi, Ibrahim I. & Al-attab, K.A. & Zainal, Z.A., 2018. "Liquid biofuels utilization for gas turbines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 43-55.
    9. Khan, Haris Mahmood & Iqbal, Tanveer & Ali, Chaudhry Haider & Yasin, Saima & Jamil, Farrukh, 2020. "Waste quail beaks as renewable source for synthesizing novel catalysts for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1035-1043.
    10. Abedin, M.J. & Kalam, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Sabri, M.F.M. & Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur & Sanjid, A. & Fattah, I.M. Rizwanul, 2016. "Production of biodiesel from a non-edible source and study of its combustion, and emission characteristics: A comparative study with B5," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 20-29.
    11. Zhang, Yujiao & Niu, Shengli & Han, Kuihua & Li, Yingjie & Lu, Chunmei, 2021. "Synthesis of the SrO–CaO–Al2O3 trimetallic oxide catalyst for transesterification to produce biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 981-990.
    12. Rahman, M.A., 2018. "Valorization of harmful algae E. compressa for biodiesel production in presence of chicken waste derived catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 132-140.
    13. Khairul Azly Zahan & Manabu Kano, 2018. "Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-25, August.
    14. Ching-Velasquez, Jonny & Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto & Rodrigues, Rafael C. & Plata, Vladimir & Rosales-Quintero, Arnulfo & Torrestiana-Sánchez, Beatriz & Tacias-Pascacio, Veymar G., 2020. "Production and characterization of biodiesel from oil of fish waste by enzymatic catalysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1346-1354.
    15. Borah, Manash Jyoti & Devi, Anuchaya & Saikia, Raktim Abha & Deka, Dhanapati, 2018. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil catalyzed by in-situ decorated TiO2 on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 881-889.
    16. Abdullah, Sharifah Hanis Yasmin Sayid & Hanapi, Nur Hanis Mohamad & Azid, Azman & Umar, Roslan & Juahir, Hafizan & Khatoon, Helena & Endut, Azizah, 2017. "A review of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst for a sustainable biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1040-1051.
    17. Iriarte-Velasco, Unai & Ayastuy, Jose L. & Boukha, Zouhair & Bravo, Raquel & Gutierrez-Ortiz, Miguel Ángel, 2018. "Transition metals supported on bone-derived hydroxyapatite as potential catalysts for the Water-Gas Shift reaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 641-648.
    18. Anietie O. Etim & Eriola Betiku & Sheriff O. Ajala & Peter J. Olaniyi & Tunde V. Ojumu, 2018. "Potential of Ripe Plantain Fruit Peels as an Ecofriendly Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis: Optimization by Artificial Neural Network Integrated with Genetic Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-15, March.
    19. Leesing, Ratanaporn & Siwina, Siraprapha & Fiala, Khanittha, 2021. "Yeast-based biodiesel production using sulfonated carbon-based solid acid catalyst by an integrated biorefinery of durian peel waste," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 647-657.
    20. Petchsoongsakul, Nattawat & Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan & Kiatkittipong, Worapon & Wongsawaeng, Doonyapong & Assabumrungrat, Suttichai, 2020. "Different water removal methods for facilitating biodiesel production from low-cost waste cooking oil containing high water content in hybridized reactive distillation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1906-1918.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:19:p:3714-:d:271721. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.