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NPC Based Design Optimization for a Net Zero Office Building in Hot Climates with PV Panels as Shading Device

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Zubair

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ahmed Bilal Awan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah Al-Ahmadi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
    Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, University Street, Assiut 71515, Egypt)

Abstract

Hot areas of the world receive a high amount of solar radiation. As a result, buildings in those areas consume more energy to maintain a comfortable climate for their inhabitants. In an effort to design net-zero energy building in hot climates, PV possesses the unique advantage of generating electrical energy while protecting the building from solar irradiance. In this work, to form a net-zero energy building (NZEB), renewable resources such as solar and wind available onsite for an existing building have been analyzed in a hot climate location. PV and wind turbines in various configurations are studied to form a NZEB, where PV-only systems offer better performance than Hybrid PV Wind systems, based on net present cost (NPC). The self-shading losses in PV placed on rooftop areas are analyzed by placing parallel arrays of PV modules at various distances in between them. The effect on building cooling load by rooftop PV panels as shading devices is investigated. Furthermore, self-shading losses of PV are compared by the savings in cooling loads using PV as shading. In the case study, 12.3% saving in the cooling load of the building is observed when the building rooftop is completed shaded by PV panels; annual cooling load decreased from 3.417 GWh to 2.996 GWh, while only 1.04% shaded losses are observed for fully shaded (FS) buildings compared to those with no shading (NS), as PV generation decreases from 594.39 kWh/m 2 to 588.21 kWh/m 2 . The net present cost of the project has been decreased from US$4.77 million to US$4.41 million by simply covering the rooftop completely with PV panels, for a net-zero energy building.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Zubair & Ahmed Bilal Awan & Abdullah Al-Ahmadi & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil, 2018. "NPC Based Design Optimization for a Net Zero Office Building in Hot Climates with PV Panels as Shading Device," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:6:p:1391-:d:149690
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Awan, Ahmed Bilal & Zubair, Muhammad & Chandra Mouli, Kotturu V.V., 2020. "Design, optimization and performance comparison of solar tower and photovoltaic power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    2. Beungyong Park & Jinkyun Cho & Yongdae Jeong, 2019. "Thermal Performance Assessment of Flexible Modular Housing Units for Energy Independence Following Disasters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Abdelhakim Mesloub & Aritra Ghosh & Mabrouk Touahmia & Ghazy Abdullah Albaqawy & Emad Noaime & Badr M. Alsolami, 2020. "Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Integrated Shading Devices (PVSDs) and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (STPV) Devices Retrofitted to a Prototype Office Building in a Hot Desert Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Diana D’Agostino & Luigi Mele & Francesco Minichiello & Carlo Renno, 2020. "The Use of Ground Source Heat Pump to Achieve a Net Zero Energy Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Min-Hwi Kim & Deuk-Won Kim & Dong-Won Lee, 2021. "Feasibility of Low Carbon Renewable Energy City Integrated with Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-24, November.
    6. Seung Hyo Baek & Byung Hee Lee, 2019. "Optimal Decision-Making of Renewable Energy Systems in Buildings in the Early Design Stage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-19, March.
    7. Ali S. Alghamdi, 2021. "Performance Enhancement of Roof-Mounted Photovoltaic System: Artificial Neural Network Optimization of Ground Coverage Ratio," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Ahmed Bilal Awan & Mohammed Alghassab & Muhammad Zubair & Abdul Rauf Bhatti & Muhammad Uzair & Ghulam Abbas, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Ground-Mounted vs. Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Optimized for Interrow Distance between Parallel Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-21, July.
    9. Jongyeon Lim & Ryozo Ooka, 2021. "A CFD-Based Optimization of Building Configuration for Urban Ventilation Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Zubair, Muhammad & Awan, Ahmed Bilal & Rehman, Muhammad Muqeet & Khan, Mohammad Nadeem & Abbas, Ghulam, 2021. "Residential and commercial UPS User's contribution to load shedding and possible solutions using renewable energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    11. Aiman Albatayneh & Renad Albadaineh & Adel Juaidi & Ramez Abdallah & Alberto Zabalo & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, 2022. "Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Buildings by Shading with PV Panels in Semi-Arid Climate Zone," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-23, December.

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