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Experimental Investigations of Physical and Chemical Properties for Microalgae HTL Bio-Crude Using a Large Batch Reactor

Author

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  • Farhad M. Hossain

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
    International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia)

  • Jana Kosinkova

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
    International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia)

  • Richard J. Brown

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
    International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia)

  • Zoran Ristovski

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
    International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia)

  • Ben Hankamer

    (The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Evan Stephens

    (The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Thomas J. Rainey

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
    International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia)

Abstract

As a biofuel feedstock, microalgae has good scalability and potential to supply a significant proportion of world energy compared to most types of biofuel feedstock. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is well-suited to wet biomass (such as microalgae) as it greatly reduces the energy requirements associated with dewatering and drying. This article presents experimental analyses of chemical and physical properties of bio-crude oil produced via HTL using a high growth-rate microalga Scenedesmus sp. in a large batch reactor. The overarching goal was to investigate the suitability of microalgae HTL bio-crude produced in a large batch reactor for direct application in marine diesel engines. To this end we characterized the chemical and physical properties of the bio-crudes produced. HTL literature mostly reports work using very small batch reactors which are preferred by researchers, so there are few experimental and parametric measurements for bio-crude physical properties, such as viscosity and density. In the course of this study, a difference between traditionally calculated values and measured values was noted. In the parametric study, the bio-crude viscosity was significantly closer to regular diesel and biodiesel standards than transesterified (FAME) microalgae biodiesel. Under optimised conditions, HTL bio-crude’s high density (0.97–1.04 kg·L −1 ) and its high viscosity (70.77–73.89 mm 2 ·s −1 ) had enough similarity to marine heavy fuels. although the measured higher heating value, HHV, was lower (29.8 MJ·kg −1 ). The reaction temperature was explored in the range 280–350 °C and bio-crude oil yield and HHV reached their maxima at the highest temperature. Slurry concentration was explored between 15% and 30% at this temperature and the best HHV, O:C, and N:C were found to occur at 25%. Two solvents (dichloromethane and n -hexane) were used to recover the bio-crude oil, affecting the yield and chemical composition of the bio-crude.

Suggested Citation

  • Farhad M. Hossain & Jana Kosinkova & Richard J. Brown & Zoran Ristovski & Ben Hankamer & Evan Stephens & Thomas J. Rainey, 2017. "Experimental Investigations of Physical and Chemical Properties for Microalgae HTL Bio-Crude Using a Large Batch Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:4:p:467-:d:94967
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Taghipour, Alireza & Ramirez, Jerome A. & Brown, Richard J. & Rainey, Thomas J., 2019. "A review of fractional distillation to improve hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude characteristics; future outlook and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    2. Mei Yin Ong & Saifuddin Nomanbhay, 2022. "Optimization Study on Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. for Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Hu, Yulin & Gong, Mengyue & Feng, Shanghuan & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Bassi, Amarjeet, 2019. "A review of recent developments of pre-treatment technologies and hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae for bio-crude oil production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 476-492.
    4. Amany G. Ibrahim & Alaa Baazeem & Mayasar I. Al-Zaban & Mustafa A. Fawzy & Sedky H. A. Hassan & Mostafa Koutb, 2023. "Sustainable Biodiesel Production from a New Oleaginous Fungus, Aspergillus carneus Strain OQ275240: Biomass and Lipid Production Optimization Using Box–Behnken Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-17, April.
    5. Farhad M. Hossain & Md. Nurun Nabi & Md. Mostafizur Rahman & Saiful Bari & Thuy Chu Van & S. M. Ashrafur Rahman & Thomas J. Rainey & Timothy A. Bodisco & Kabir Suara & Zoran Ristovski & Richard J. Bro, 2019. "Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Performance, Combustion and Emissions Using a Novel Series of Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP) Biofuels Derived from Microalgae," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, May.
    6. Guan-Bang Chen & Jia-Wen Li & Hsien-Tsung Lin & Fang-Hsien Wu & Yei-Chin Chao, 2018. "A Study of the Production and Combustion Characteristics of Pyrolytic Oil from Sewage Sludge Using the Taguchi Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, August.

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