IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v8y2020i2p41-d363146.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Reasons Fostering or Discouraging the Implementation of Central Bank-Backed Digital Currency: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso

    (Department of Economics, Catholic University of Ávila, Canteros St., 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández

    (Department of Economics, Catholic University of Ávila, Canteros St., 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • David Sanz Bas

    (Department of Economics, Catholic University of Ávila, Canteros St., 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • Jarosław Kaczmarek

    (Department of Economics and Organization of Enterprises, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Cracow, Poland)

Abstract

This study analyses the current debate around central bank-backed digital currency (CBDC). A comparative study was carried out considering countries for and against implementing a CBDC and their reasons, looking for common causes, differences, etc. The conclusion was that there are opposite tendencies between defenders and detractors of establishing a CBDC. However, today—and taking into account the positions of three large banking institutions (the Federal Reserve of the United States of America, the Bank of Japan and the Bank of England) on establishing (at least in the short term) a CBDC)—it seems that large-scale implementation is still far off. On the contrary, the Chinese Central Bank and banking systems of other countries that have less weight in the world, such as Uruguay, Lithuania and the Bahamas, seem to go against the trend of rejection and are seriously considering its implementation. Although this matter has been dealt with in the theoretical field, more pilot tests such as the one carried out by Uruguay are necessary in order to understand specific effects on the economy, on one hand, and on acceptance of its use by the population, on the other.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & David Sanz Bas & Jarosław Kaczmarek, 2020. "Reasons Fostering or Discouraging the Implementation of Central Bank-Backed Digital Currency: A Review," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-27, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:8:y:2020:i:2:p:41-:d:363146
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/8/2/41/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/8/2/41/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Walter Engert & Ben Fung & Scott Hendry, 2018. "Is a Cashless Society Problematic?," Discussion Papers 18-12, Bank of Canada.
    2. Lael Brainard, 2018. "Cryptocurrencies, Digital Currencies, and Distributed Ledger Technologies: What Are We Learning? : a speech at the Decoding Digital Currency Conference, Sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Fr," Speech 1001, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Dirk Niepelt, 2020. "Reserves for All? Central Bank Digital Currency, Deposits, and Their (Non)-Equivalence," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 16(3), pages 211-238, June.
    4. Kumhof, Michael & Noone, Clare, 2018. "Central bank digital currencies - design principles and balance sheet implications," Bank of England working papers 725, Bank of England.
    5. Young Sik Kim & Ohik Kwon, 2019. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability," Working Papers 2019-6, Economic Research Institute, Bank of Korea.
    6. Michael D. Bordo & Andrew T. Levin, 2017. "Central Bank Digital Currency and the Future of Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 23711, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Kenji Hayashi & Hiroyuki Takano & Makoto Chiba & Yasuhiro Takamoto, 2019. "Summary of the Report of the Study Group on Legal Issues regarding Central Bank Digital Currency," Bank of Japan Research Laboratory Series 19-E-3, Bank of Japan.
    8. Jérôme Blanc, 2009. "Beyond the Competition Approach to Money: a Conceptual Framework applied to the Early Modern France," Post-Print halshs-00414496, HAL.
    9. Raphael Auer & Rainer Boehme, 2020. "The technology of retail central bank digital currency," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    10. Mr. Tommaso Mancini-Griffoli & Maria Soledad Martinez Peria & Mr. Itai Agur & Mr. Anil Ari & Mr. John Kiff & Ms. Adina Popescu & Ms. Celine Rochon, 2018. "Casting Light on Central Bank Digital Currencies," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 2018/008, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Tommaso Mancini Griffoli & Maria Soledad Martinez Peria & Itai Agur & Anil Ari & John Kiff & Adina Popescu & Celine Rochon, 2018. "Casting Light on Central Bank Digital Currencies," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 18/08, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Pelin Berkmen & Ms. Kimberly Beaton & Mr. Dmitry Gershenson & Mr. Javier Arze del Granado & Kotaro Ishi & Miss Marie S Kim & Emanuel Kopp & Mrs. Marina V Rousset, 2019. "Fintech in Latin America and the Caribbean: Stocktaking," IMF Working Papers 2019/071, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Grym, Aleksi & Heikkinen, Päivi & Kauko, Karlo & Takala, Kari, 2017. "Central bank digital currency," BoF Economics Review 5/2017, Bank of Finland.
    14. Codruta Boar & Henry Holden & Amber Wadsworth, 2020. "Impending arrival - a sequel to the survey on central bank digital currency," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 107.
    15. Kuroda, Akinobu, 2008. "What is the complementarity among monies? An introductory note," Financial History Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(1), pages 7-15, April.
    16. Nikola Fabris, 2019. "Cashless Society – The Future of Money or a Utopia?," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 8(1), pages 53-66.
    17. Max Raskin & David Yermack, 2016. "Digital Currencies, Decentralized Ledgers, and the Future of Central Banking," NBER Working Papers 22238, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Martínez-Ventura , Constanza & Parra-Polanía, Julián A. & Mora-Arbeláez, Tatiana & Lizarazo-Cuéllar, Angélica, 2023. "Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 53, pages 151-177, December.
    2. Sumei Luo & Guangyou Zhou & Jinpeng Zhou, 2021. "The Impact of Electronic Money on Monetary Policy: Based on DSGE Model Simulations," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(20), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vázquez & Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas, 2021. "Central Banks’ Monetary Policy in the Face of the COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Monetary Stimulus and the Emergence of CBDCs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vazquez & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & Konrad Kolegowicz & Wojciech Szymla, 2022. "Financial Exclusion in Rural and Urban Contexts in Poland: A Threat to Achieving SDG Eight?," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Alfar, Abdelrahman J.K. & Kumpamool, Chamaiporn & Nguyen, Dung T.K. & Ahmed, Rizwan, 2023. "The determinants of issuing central bank digital currencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    6. Constanza Martínez-Ventura & Julián A. Parra-Polania & Tatiana Mora-Arbeláez & Angélica Lizarazo-Cuéllar, 2023. "Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail CBDC," Borradores de Economia 1247, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    7. Huosong Xia & Yangmei Gao & Justin Zuopeng Zhang, 2023. "Understanding the adoption context of China’s digital currency electronic payment," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-27, December.
    8. Simarjeet Singh & Sanjay Gupta & Sandeepa Kaur & Sakshi Sapra & Vishal Kumar & Manika Sharma, 2023. "The quest for CBDC: indentifying and prioritising the motivations for launching central bank digital currencies in emerging countries," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(5), pages 4493-4508, October.
    9. Shamil Shovkhalov & Hussein Idrisov, 2021. "Economic and Legal Analysis of Cryptocurrency: Scientific Views from Russia and the Muslim World," Laws, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-17, May.
    10. Paulo Rupino Cunha & Paulo Melo & Helder Sebastião, 2021. "From Bitcoin to Central Bank Digital Currencies: Making Sense of the Digital Money Revolution," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, June.
    11. Marc Sanchez-Roger & Esther Puyol-Antón, 2021. "Digital Bank Runs: A Deep Neural Network Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, February.
    12. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vázquez & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas, 2021. "Cryptocurrency Mining from an Economic and Environmental Perspective. Analysis of the Most and Least Sustainable Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    13. Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas & Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vazquez & Marcela Laura Rodriguez, 2020. "Applied Machine Learning in Social Sciences: Neural Networks and Crime Prediction," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-20, December.
    14. Cotugno, Matteo & Manta, Francesco & Perdichizzi, Salvatore & Stefanelli, Valeria, 2024. "Ready for a digital Euro? Insights from a research agenda," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
    15. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vazquez & Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas, 2020. "Detection of Financial Inclusion Vulnerable Rural Areas through an Access to Cash Index: Solutions Based on the Pharmacy Network and a CBDC. Evidence Based on Ávila (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-33, September.
    16. Zhang, Runze & Li, Zhijun & Xiao, Chunqu & You, Jiwang, 2023. "New engines of economic growth: How digital currencies lead the way to growth in the era of digital economy," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1597-1617.
    17. Bhaskar, Ratikant & Hunjra, Ahmed Imran & Bansal, Shashank & Pandey, Dharen Kumar, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Agendas for future research," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    18. David Sanz-Bas & Carlos del Rosal & Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and Fraudulent Transactions: Risks, Practices, and Legislation for Their Prevention in Europe and Spain," Laws, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, July.
    19. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vázquez & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & David Sanz-Bas, 2024. "Bitcoin’s bubbly behaviors: does it resemble other financial bubbles of the past?," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    20. Filiz Karpuz & Erdal Güryay & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "Sustainable-Performance Instrument Development and Validation in the Northern Cyprus Banking Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-14, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marcelo A. T. Aragão, 2021. "A Few Things You Wanted to Know about the Economics of CBDCs, but were Afraid to Model: a survey of what we can learn from who has done," Working Papers Series 554, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    2. Jooyong Jun & Eunjung Yeo, 2021. "Central bank digital currency, loan supply, and bank failure risk: a microeconomic approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, December.
    3. Agur, Itai & Ari, Anil & Dell’Ariccia, Giovanni, 2022. "Designing central bank digital currencies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 62-79.
    4. Dionysopoulos, Lambis & Marra, Miriam & Urquhart, Andrew, 2024. "Central bank digital currencies: A critical review," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Allen, Sarah & Capkun, Srdjan & Eyal, Ittay & Fanti, Giulia & Ford, Bryan & Grimmelmann, James & Juels, Ari & Kostiainen, Kari & Meiklejohn, Sarah & Miller, Andrew & Prasad, Eswar & Wüst, Karl & Zhang, 2020. "Design Choices for Central Bank Digital Currency: Policy and Technical Considerations," IZA Discussion Papers 13535, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Paolo Fegatelli, 2019. "Central bank digital currencies: The case of universal central bank reserves," BCL working papers 130, Central Bank of Luxembourg.
    7. Thitima Chucherd & Chanokkarn Mek-yong & Nalin Nookhwun & Passawuth Nuntnarumit & Natta Piyakarnchana & Suparit Suwanik, 2021. "Monetary and Financial Perspectives on Retail CBDC in the Thai Context," PIER Discussion Papers 152, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
    8. Tercero-Lucas, David, 2023. "Central bank digital currencies and financial stability in a modern monetary system," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    9. Hoang, Yen Hai & Ngo, Vu Minh & Bich Vu, Ngoc, 2023. "Central bank digital currency: A systematic literature review using text mining approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    10. Alexandra Mitschke, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currencies and Monetary Policy Effectiveness in the Euro Area," Working Papers Dissertations 74, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    11. David Chaum & Christian Grothoff & Thomas Moser, 2021. "How to Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency," Papers 2103.00254, arXiv.org.
    12. Romain Baeriswyl & Samuel Reynard & Alexandre Swoboda, 2024. "Retail CBDC purposes and risk transfers to the central bank," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 160(1), pages 1-15, December.
    13. Li, Jiaqi, 2023. "Predicting the demand for central bank digital currency: A structural analysis with survey data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 73-85.
    14. Morales-Resendiz, Raúl & Ponce, Jorge & Picardo, Pablo & Velasco, Andrés & Chen, Bobby & Sanz, León & Guiborg, Gabriela & Segendorff, Björn & Vasquez, José Luis & Arroyo, John & Aguirre, Illich & Hayn, 2021. "Implementing a retail CBDC: Lessons learned and key insights," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(1).
    15. Ozili, Peterson K, 2021. "Central bank digital currency can lead to the collapse of cryptocurrency," MPRA Paper 111218, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Belke, Ansgar & Beretta, Edoardo, 2019. "From cash to central bank digital currencies and cryptocurrencies: A balancing act between modernity and monetary stability," Ruhr Economic Papers 816, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    17. Theodore Pelagidis & Eleftheria Kostika, 2022. "Investigating the role of central banks in the interconnection between financial markets and cryptoassets," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 49(3), pages 481-507, September.
    18. John Beirne & Nuobu Renzhi & Ulrich Volz, 2023. "Non-Bank Finance and Monetary Policy Transmission in Asia," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(6), pages 1976-1991, May.
    19. Rehman, Mubeen Abdur & Irfan, Muhammad & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Lucey, Brian M. & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Macro-financial implications of central bank digital currencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:8:y:2020:i:2:p:41-:d:363146. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.