IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v9y2021i20p2614-d658196.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of Electronic Money on Monetary Policy: Based on DSGE Model Simulations

Author

Listed:
  • Sumei Luo

    (School of Finance, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Guangyou Zhou

    (School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Jinpeng Zhou

    (School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

Abstract

Starting with the interactive relationship between electronic money and household consumption stimuli, this paper deeply analyzes the changes in the behavior of each monetary subject under the impact of electronic money, and establishes a DSGE model based on the three economic sectors of family, commercial bank and central bank under the New Keynesian framework. On this basis, the impact of electronic money on savings, loans, output and the interest rate, and its impact on monetary policy, are described by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that: (1) electronic money has asymmetric effects on savings and loans, but an irrational deviation on households; (2) the influence of electronic money on the interest rate has a reverse effect, and the “inverse adjustment” of the interest rate increases the management difficulty of the micro subject to a certain extent, and affects the effectiveness of monetary policy; (3) the regulatory effect of price monetary policy is better than that of quantitative monetary policy, and electronic money has the effect of its risk restraining impact. Finally, based on the analysis, this paper gives policy recommendations.

Suggested Citation

  • Sumei Luo & Guangyou Zhou & Jinpeng Zhou, 2021. "The Impact of Electronic Money on Monetary Policy: Based on DSGE Model Simulations," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(20), pages 1-26, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:20:p:2614-:d:658196
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/20/2614/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/20/2614/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. C. Pfister, 2017. "Monetary Policy and Digital Currencies: Much Ado about Nothing?," Working papers 642, Banque de France.
    2. Adolfson, Malin & Laséen, Stefan & Lindé, Jesper & Svensson, Lars E.O., 2014. "Monetary policy trade-offs in an estimated open-economy DSGE model," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 33-49.
    3. Michał Brzoza‐Brzezina & Marcin Kolasa, 2013. "Bayesian Evaluation of DSGE Models with Financial Frictions," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(8), pages 1451-1476, December.
    4. Aleksander Berentsen, 1998. "Monetary Policy Implications of Digital Money," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 89-118, February.
    5. Benchimol, Jonathan & Fourçans, André, 2012. "Money and risk in a DSGE framework: A Bayesian application to the Eurozone," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 95-111.
    6. Fujiki, Hiroshi & Tanaka, Migiwa, 2014. "Currency demand, new technology, and the adoption of electronic money: Micro evidence from Japan," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 125(1), pages 5-8.
    7. Brunnermeier, Markus K. & Niepelt, Dirk, 2019. "On the equivalence of private and public money," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 27-41.
    8. Nizam, Ahmed Mehedi, 2021. "Impact of e-money on money supply: Estimation and policy implication for Bangladesh," MPRA Paper 109552, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Hohberger, Stefan & Priftis, Romanos & Vogel, Lukas, 2020. "The distributional effects of conventional monetary policy and quantitative easing: Evidence from an estimated DSGE model," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    10. Badarau, Cristina & Popescu, Alexandra, 2014. "Monetary policy and credit cycles: A DSGE analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 301-312.
    11. Giorgio Fagiolo & Andrea Roventini, 2017. "Macroeconomic Policy in DSGE and Agent-Based Models Redux: New Developments and Challenges Ahead," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 20(1), pages 1-1.
    12. Marco Fama & Andrea Fumagalli & Stefano Lucarelli, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies, Monetary Policy, and New Forms of Monetary Sovereignty," International Journal of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(2), pages 174-194, April.
    13. James H. Stock & Mark W.Watson, 2003. "Forecasting Output and Inflation: The Role of Asset Prices," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 41(3), pages 788-829, September.
    14. Malin Adolfson & Stefan Laséen & Jesper Lindé & Lars E.O. Svensson, 2011. "Optimal Monetary Policy in an Operational Medium‐Sized DSGE Model," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(7), pages 1287-1331, October.
    15. Walter Engert & Ben Fung, 2017. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Motivations and Implications," Discussion Papers 17-16, Bank of Canada.
    16. Meaning, Jack & Dyson, Ben & Barker, James & Clayton, Emily, 2018. "Broadening narrow money: monetary policy with a central bank digital currency," Bank of England working papers 724, Bank of England.
    17. Ali Dib & Ian Christensen, 2005. "Monetary Policy in an Estimated DSGE Model with a Financial Accelerator," Computing in Economics and Finance 2005 314, Society for Computational Economics.
    18. Takeshi Yagihashi, 2020. "DSGE Models Used by Policymakers: A Survey," Discussion papers ron333, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan.
    19. Diego Pitta de Jesus & Cássio da Nóbrega Besarria & Sinézio Fernandes Maia, 2020. "The macroeconomic effects of monetary policy shocks under fiscal constrained," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 47(4), pages 805-825, February.
    20. King, Robert G. & Plosser, Charles I. & Rebelo, Sergio T., 1988. "Production, growth and business cycles : I. The basic neoclassical model," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2-3), pages 195-232.
    21. Nautz, Dieter & Scheithauer, Jan, 2011. "Monetary policy implementation and overnight rate persistence," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1375-1386.
    22. Li, Bing & Liu, Qing, 2017. "On the choice of monetary policy rules for China: A Bayesian DSGE approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 166-185.
    23. Frank Smets & Rafael Wouters, 2007. "Shocks and Frictions in US Business Cycles: A Bayesian DSGE Approach," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 97(3), pages 586-606, June.
    24. John Hawkins, 2001. "Electronic finance and monetary policy," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Electronic finance: a new perspective and challenges, volume 7, pages 98-105, Bank for International Settlements.
    25. Benjamin M. Friedman, 1999. "The Future of Monetary Policy: The Central Bank as an Army with Only a Signal Corps?," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(3), pages 321-338, November.
    26. Rui Wang, 2021. "Evaluating the Unconventional Monetary Policy of the Bank of Japan: A DSGE Approach," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, June.
    27. David Lee Kuo Chuen & Ernie Teo, 2021. "The New Money: The Utility of Cryptocurrencies and the Need for a New Monetary Policy," Springer Books, in: Eva Kaili & Dimitrios Psarrakis (ed.), Disintermediation Economics, edition 1, chapter 0, pages 111-172, Springer.
    28. Li, Bing & Liu, Qing & Pei, Pei, 2021. "Investigating The Role Of Money In The Identification Of Monetary Policy Behavior: A Bayesian Dsge Perspective," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(6), pages 1495-1537, September.
    29. Grégory Claeys & Maria Demertzis & Konstantinos Efstathiou, 2018. "Cryptocurrencies and monetary policy," Policy Contributions 26557, Bruegel.
    30. Celso Jose Costa Junior, 2016. "Understanding DSGE models," Vernon Press Titles in Economics, Vernon Art and Science Inc, edition 1, number 70.
    31. Benchimol, Jonathan & Fourçans, André, 2019. "Central bank losses and monetary policy rules: A DSGE investigation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 289-303.
    32. Cristina Raluca Gh. Popescu & Gheorghe N. Popescu, 2019. "An Exploratory Study Based on a Questionnaire Concerning Green and Sustainable Finance, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Performance: Evidence from the Romanian Business Environment," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-79, October.
    33. Marcellia Susan & Hamfri Djajadikerta, 2020. "Determinants of e-money adoption: an empirical study," International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 13(1), pages 98-105.
    34. Benjamin M. Friedman, 1999. "The Future of Monetary Policy: The Central Bank as an Army With Only a Signal Corps," NBER Working Papers 7420, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    35. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & David Sanz Bas & Jarosław Kaczmarek, 2020. "Reasons Fostering or Discouraging the Implementation of Central Bank-Backed Digital Currency: A Review," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-27, May.
    36. Brzoza-Brzezina, Michał & Kolasa, Marcin & Makarski, Krzysztof, 2013. "The anatomy of standard DSGE models with financial frictions," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 32-51.
    37. Rabanal, Pau, 2007. "Does inflation increase after a monetary policy tightening? Answers based on an estimated DSGE model," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 906-937, March.
    38. repec:bla:intfin:v:2:y:1999:i:3:p:321-38 is not listed on IDEAS
    39. Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vázquez & Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas, 2021. "Central Banks’ Monetary Policy in the Face of the COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Monetary Stimulus and the Emergence of CBDCs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ferry Syarifuddin & Toni Bakhtiar, 2022. "The Macroeconomic Effects of an Interest-Bearing CBDC: A DSGE Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-33, May.
    2. Monica Aureliana Petcu & Liliana Ionescu-Feleaga & Bogdan-Ștefan Ionescu & Dumitru-Florin Moise, 2023. "A Decade for the Mathematics : Bibliometric Analysis of Mathematical Modeling in Economics, Ecology, and Environment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-30, January.
    3. Bhaskar, Ratikant & Hunjra, Ahmed Imran & Bansal, Shashank & Pandey, Dharen Kumar, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Agendas for future research," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    4. Pejman Peykani & Mostafa Sargolzaei & Amir Takaloo & Shahla Valizadeh, 2023. "The Effects of Monetary Policy on Macroeconomic Variables through Credit and Balance Sheet Channels: A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Benchimol, Jonathan & Ivashchenko, Sergey, 2021. "Switching volatility in a nonlinear open economy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    2. Marcelo A. T. Aragão, 2021. "A Few Things You Wanted to Know about the Economics of CBDCs, but were Afraid to Model: a survey of what we can learn from who has done," Working Papers Series 554, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    3. Gelfer, Sacha, 2024. "Examining business cycles and optimal monetary policy in a regional DSGE model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    4. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2016_016 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Agur, Itai & Ari, Anil & Dell’Ariccia, Giovanni, 2022. "Designing central bank digital currencies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 62-79.
    6. Buiter, Willem H., 2006. "The elusive welfare economics of price stability as a monetary policy objective: why New Keynesian central bankers should validate core inflation," Working Paper Series 609, European Central Bank.
    7. Jonathan Benchimol & André Fourçans, 2016. "Nominal income versus Taylor-type rules in practice," Working Papers hal-01357870, HAL.
    8. Eun Young Oh & Shuonan Zhang, 2022. "Informal economy and central bank digital currency," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(4), pages 1520-1539, October.
    9. Benchimol, Jonathan & Qureshi, Irfan, 2020. "Time-varying money demand and real balance effects," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 197-211.
    10. Jan Marc Berk, 2002. "Central banking and financial innovation. A survey of the modern literature," BNL Quarterly Review, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, vol. 55(222), pages 263-297.
    11. Bhatnagar, Aryaman, 2023. "Monetary policy with non-Ricardian households," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 12-26.
    12. Richard Higgins, C., 2020. "Financial frictions and changing macroeconomic volatility," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    13. Thitima Chucherd & Chanokkarn Mek-yong & Nalin Nookhwun & Passawuth Nuntnarumit & Natta Piyakarnchana & Suparit Suwanik, 2021. "Monetary and Financial Perspectives on Retail CBDC in the Thai Context," PIER Discussion Papers 152, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
    14. Jelena Zivanovic, 2019. "What Does Structural Analysis of the External Finance Premium Say About Financial Frictions?," Staff Working Papers 19-38, Bank of Canada.
    15. Janet Hua & Yu Zhu, 2021. "Monetary Policy Pass-Through with Central Bank Digital Currency," Staff Working Papers 21-10, Bank of Canada.
    16. Jan Marc Berk, 2002. "Banca centrale e innovazione finanziaria. Una rassegna della letteratura recente," Moneta e Credito, Economia civile, vol. 55(220), pages 345-385.
    17. Shirota, Toyoichiro, 2018. "What is the major source of business cycles: Spillovers from land prices, investment shocks, or anything else?," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 138-149.
    18. Shirota, Toyoichiro, 2018. "What is the Major Source of Business Cycles : Spillovers from Land Prices, Investment Shocks, or Anything Else?," Discussion paper series. A 323, Graduate School of Economics and Business Administration, Hokkaido University.
    19. Alexandra Mitschke, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currencies and Monetary Policy Effectiveness in the Euro Area," Working Papers Dissertations 74, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    20. Markose, Sheri M & Loke, Yiing Jia, 2002. "Can cash hold its own? International comparisons: Theory and evidence," Economics Discussion Papers 3734, University of Essex, Department of Economics.
    21. Kilponen, Juha & Orjasniemi, Seppo & Ripatti, Antti & Verona, Fabio, 2016. "The Aino 2.0 model," Research Discussion Papers 16/2016, Bank of Finland.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:20:p:2614-:d:658196. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.