IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlawss/v10y2021i3p57-d591511.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cryptocurrencies and Fraudulent Transactions: Risks, Practices, and Legislation for Their Prevention in Europe and Spain

Author

Listed:
  • David Sanz-Bas

    (Department of Economics, Catholic University of Ávila, Canteros St., 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • Carlos del Rosal

    (Independent Researcher, 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso

    (DEKIS Research Group, Department of Economics, Catholic University of Ávila, Canteros St., 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández

    (DEKIS Research Group, Department of Economics, Catholic University of Ávila, Canteros St., 05005 Ávila, Spain)

Abstract

Cryptocurrencies have been developing very rapidly in recent years, and their use is becoming more and more widespread in different areas. The use of digital currencies for legal uses is advancing along with technological development, but, at the same time, criminal activities are also emerging to take advantage of this boom. The aim of this paper has been, first, to analyze the various ways in which individuals and criminal organizations have taken advantage of the phenomenon of cryptocurrencies to carry out fraudulent activities such as laundering money of illicit origin and, second, to provide an overview of the legal tools that have been developed in this regard in Europe and, more specifically, in Spain to combat these activities. Undoubtedly, cryptocurrencies bring great benefits to the economy, but it is also necessary to know the risks and abuses that have been developed to prevent them.

Suggested Citation

  • David Sanz-Bas & Carlos del Rosal & Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and Fraudulent Transactions: Risks, Practices, and Legislation for Their Prevention in Europe and Spain," Laws, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlawss:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:57-:d:591511
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/10/3/57/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/10/3/57/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shangrong Jiang & Yuze Li & Quanying Lu & Yongmiao Hong & Dabo Guan & Yu Xiong & Shouyang Wang, 2021. "Policy assessments for the carbon emission flows and sustainability of Bitcoin blockchain operation in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Bouri, Elie & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Co-explosivity in the cryptocurrency market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 178-183.
    3. Cheah, Eng-Tuck & Fry, John, 2015. "Speculative bubbles in Bitcoin markets? An empirical investigation into the fundamental value of Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 32-36.
    4. Simon Butler, 2019. "Criminal use of cryptocurrencies: a great new threat or is cash still king?," Journal of Cyber Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 326-345, September.
    5. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & David Sanz Bas & Jarosław Kaczmarek, 2020. "Reasons Fostering or Discouraging the Implementation of Central Bank-Backed Digital Currency: A Review," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-27, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Naheeda Ali, 2022. "Crimes Related to Cryptocurrency and Regulations to Combat Crypto Crimes," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(3), pages 289-302, September.
    2. Łęt Blanka & Sobański Konrad & Świder Wojciech & Włosik Katarzyna, 2022. "Is the cryptocurrency market efficient? Evidence from an analysis of fundamental factors for Bitcoin and Ethereum," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 58(4), pages 351-370, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mingbo Zheng & Gen-Fu Feng & Xinxin Zhao & Chun-Ping Chang, 2023. "The transaction behavior of cryptocurrency and electricity consumption," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Corbet, Shaen & Katsiampa, Paraskevi & Lau, Chi Keung Marco, 2020. "Measuring quantile dependence and testing directional predictability between Bitcoin, altcoins and traditional financial assets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    3. Aurelio F. Bariviera & Ignasi Merediz‐Solà, 2021. "Where Do We Stand In Cryptocurrencies Economic Research? A Survey Based On Hybrid Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 377-407, April.
    4. Bouraoui, Taoufik, 2020. "The drivers of Bitcoin trading volume in selected emerging countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 218-229.
    5. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vázquez & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & David Sanz-Bas, 2024. "Bitcoin’s bubbly behaviors: does it resemble other financial bubbles of the past?," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Atsalakis, George S. & Atsalaki, Ioanna G. & Pasiouras, Fotios & Zopounidis, Constantin, 2019. "Bitcoin price forecasting with neuro-fuzzy techniques," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 276(2), pages 770-780.
    7. Fruehwirt, Wolfgang & Hochfilzer, Leonhard & Weydemann, Leonard & Roberts, Stephen, 2021. "Cumulation, crash, coherency: A cryptocurrency bubble wavelet analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    8. Yin, Libo & Nie, Jing & Han, Liyan, 2021. "Understanding cryptocurrency volatility: The role of oil market shocks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 233-253.
    9. Florin Aliu & Ujkan Bajra & Naim Preniqi, 2021. "Analysis of diversification benefits for cryptocurrency portfolios before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(3), pages 444-457, September.
    10. Almeida, José & Gonçalves, Tiago Cruz, 2023. "A systematic literature review of investor behavior in the cryptocurrency markets," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    11. Yao, Can-Zhong & Li, Hong-Yu, 2021. "A study on the bursting point of Bitcoin based on the BSADF and LPPLS methods," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    12. Helder Miguel Correia Virtuoso Sebastião & Paulo José Osório Rupino Da Cunha & Pedro Manuel Cortesão Godinho, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and blockchain. Overview and future perspectives," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 21(3), pages 305-342.
    13. Mokni, Khaled, 2021. "When, where, and how economic policy uncertainty predicts Bitcoin returns and volatility? A quantiles-based analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 65-73.
    14. Kai Meng & Khalid Khan, 2024. "Is cryptocurrency Efficient? A High-Frequency Asymmetric Multifractality Analysis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 63(6), pages 2225-2246, June.
    15. De Pace, Pierangelo & Rao, Jayant, 2023. "Comovement and instability in cryptocurrency markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 173-200.
    16. Garzón Espinosa, Eduardo & Cruz Hidalgo, Esteban & Medialdea Garcia, Bibiana & Sanchez Mato, Carlos, 2023. "Money or Crypto-Gold? Problematics and Possible Worlds for Cryptocurrencies," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 76(3), pages 429-452.
    17. Andrada-Félix, Julián & Fernandez-Perez, Adrian & Sosvilla-Rivero, Simón, 2020. "Distant or close cousins: Connectedness between cryptocurrencies and traditional currencies volatilities," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    18. Fulvia Pennoni & Francesco Bartolucci & Gianfranco Forte & Ferdinando Ametrano, 2022. "Exploring the dependencies among main cryptocurrency log‐returns: A hidden Markov model," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 51(1), February.
    19. Chen, Yan & Zhang, Lei & Bouri, Elie, 2024. "Co-Bubble transmission across clean and dirty Cryptocurrencies: Network and portfolio analysis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    20. Eray Gemici & Muslum Polat & Remzi Gök & Muhammad Asif Khan & Mohammed Arshad Khan & Yunus Kilic, 2023. "Do Bubbles in the Bitcoin Market Impact Stock Markets? Evidence From 10 Major Stock Markets," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlawss:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:57-:d:591511. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.