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Does social participation improve self-rated health in the older population? A quasi-experimental intervention study

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  • Ichida, Yukinobu
  • Hirai, Hiroshi
  • Kondo, Katsunori
  • Kawachi, Ichiro
  • Takeda, Tokunori
  • Endo, Hideki

Abstract

Social participation has been linked to healthy aging and the maintenance of functional independence in older individuals. However, causality remains tenuous because of the strong possibility of reverse causation (healthy individuals selectively participate in social activities). We describe a quasi-experimental intervention in one municipality of Japan designed to boost social participation as a way of preventing long-term disability in senior citizens through the creation of ‘salons’ (or community centers). In this quasi-experimental intervention study, we compared 158 participants with 1391 non-participants in salon programs, and examined the effect of participation in the salon programs on self-rated health. We conducted surveys of community residents both before (in 2006) and after (in 2008) the opening of the salons. Even with a pre/post survey design, our study could be subject to reverse causation and confounding bias. We therefore utilized an instrumental variable estimation strategy, using the inverse of the distance between each resident's dwelling and the nearest salon as the instrument. After controlling for self-rated health, age, sex, equivalized income in 2006, and reverse causation, we observed significant correlations between participation in the salon programs and self-rated health in 2008. Our analyses suggest that participation in the newly-opened community salon was associated with a significant improvement in self-rated health over time. The odds ratio of participation in the salon programs for reporting excellent or good self-rated health in 2008 was 2.52 (95% CI 2.27–2.79). Our study provides novel empirical support for the notion that investing in community infrastructure to boost the social participation of communities may help promote healthy aging.

Suggested Citation

  • Ichida, Yukinobu & Hirai, Hiroshi & Kondo, Katsunori & Kawachi, Ichiro & Takeda, Tokunori & Endo, Hideki, 2013. "Does social participation improve self-rated health in the older population? A quasi-experimental intervention study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 83-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:94:y:2013:i:c:p:83-90
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.006
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    1. Nakagawa, Keisuke & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2019. "What types of activities increase participation in community “salons”?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Deidda, Manuela & Geue, Claudia & Kreif, Noemi & Dundas, Ruth & McIntosh, Emma, 2019. "A framework for conducting economic evaluations alongside natural experiments," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 353-361.
    3. Mayumi Harigane & Hiromi Imuta & Seiji Yasumura & Fumikazu Hayashi & Hironori Nakano & Tetsuya Ohira & Masaharu Maeda & Hirooki Yabe & Yuriko Suzuki & Kenji Kamiya & on behalf of the Mental Health Gro, 2021. "Factors Hindering Social Participation among Older Residents from Evacuation Zones after the Nuclear Power Plant Accident in Fukushima: The Fukushima Health Management Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Sachiko Sasaki & Akinori Sato & Yoshie Tanabe & Shinji Matsuoka & Atsuhiro Adachi & Toshiya Kayano & Hiroshi Yamazaki & Yuichi Matsuno & Ann Miyake & Toshihiro Watanabe, 2021. "Associations between Socioeconomic Status, Social Participation, and Physical Activity in Older People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Northern Japanese City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-9, February.
    5. Jun Aida & Katsunori Kondo & Tatsuo Yamamoto & Masashige Saito & Kanade Ito & Kayo Suzuki & Ken Osaka & Ichiro Kawachi, 2016. "Is Social Network Diversity Associated with Tooth Loss among Older Japanese Adults?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-12, July.
    6. Junfeng Jiang & Peigang Wang, 2020. "Is Linking Social Capital More Beneficial to the Health Promotion of the Poor? Evidence from China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 45-71, January.
    7. Sannabe, Atsushi & Aida, Jun & Wada, Yuri & Ichida, Yukinobu & Kondo, Katsunori & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2020. "On the direct and indirect effects of the Great East Japan earthquake on self rated health through social connections: Mediation analysis," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    8. Satoru Kanamori & Yuko Kai & Jun Aida & Katsunori Kondo & Ichiro Kawachi & Hiroshi Hirai & Kokoro Shirai & Yoshiki Ishikawa & Kayo Suzuki & The JAGES Group, 2014. "Social Participation and the Prevention of Functional Disability in Older Japanese: The JAGES Cohort Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-10, June.
    9. Sato, Koryu & Ikeda, Takaaki & Watanabe, Ryota & Kondo, Naoki & Kawachi, Ichiro & Kondo, Katsunori, 2020. "Intensity of community-based programs by long-term care insurers and the likelihood of frailty: Multilevel analysis of older Japanese adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    10. Ding, Xiangyuan & Yuan, Luoqi & Zhou, Yi, 2023. "Internet access and older adults' health: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    11. Kawachi, Ichiro & Subramanian, S.V., 2018. "Social epidemiology for the 21st century," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 240-245.
    12. Satomi Doi & Yuna Koyama & Yukako Tani & Hiroshi Murayama & Shigeru Inoue & Takeo Fujiwara & Yugo Shobugawa, 2021. "Do Social Ties Moderate the Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Gratitude in Older Adults? Results from the NEIGE Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, October.
    13. Yuki Soma & Ayane Sato & Kenji Tsunoda & Naruki Kitano & Takashi Jindo & Takumi Abe & Tomohiro Okura, 2021. "Relationships between Participation in Volunteer-Managed Exercises, Distance to Exercise Facilities, and Interpersonal Social Networks in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-11, November.
    14. Matsuyama, Yusuke & Aida, Jun & Hase, Akihiro & Sato, Yukihiro & Koyama, Shihoko & Tsuboya, Toru & Osaka, Ken, 2016. "Do community- and individual-level social relationships contribute to the mental health of disaster survivors?: A multilevel prospective study after the Great East Japan Earthquake," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 187-195.
    15. Asami Ota & Naoki Kondo & Nobuko Murayama & Naohito Tanabe & Yugo Shobugawa & Katsunori Kondo & Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) group, 2016. "Serum Albumin Levels and Economic Status in Japanese Older Adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, June.
    16. Kazuya Nogi & Haruhiko Imamura & Keiko Asakura & Yuji Nishiwaki, 2021. "Association of Structural Social Capital and Self-Reported Well-Being among Japanese Community-Dwelling Adults: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-14, August.
    17. Zhenhua Zheng & Liu (Lydia) Yang, 2019. "Neighborhood Environment, Lifestyle, and Health of Older Adults: Comparison of Age Groups Based on Ecological Model of Aging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, April.

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