IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v56y2016icp75-86.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Low Frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power: A review

Author

Listed:
  • Ruddy, Jonathan
  • Meere, Ronan
  • O’Donnell, Terence

Abstract

Offshore wind farm integration is providing substantial technical and economic challenges in the medium term and the trend for farther shore development in the future is focusing research and industry attention on cost effective transmission alternatives to existing technologies. In 2014, offshore wind capacity in Europe consisted of 8045MW, with the majority of this connected to onshore grid via High Voltage AC (HVAC) transmission. Wind farms commissioned further offshore (>80km) utilise High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission for grid interconnection. The deployment and operation of Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) HVDC substations in harsh offshore environments is still a major challenge for the offshore wind industry. Recently, research studies to reduce the complexity of the offshore network have been undertaken both in industry and in academia, with the primary motivation of reducing cost and increasing reliability.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruddy, Jonathan & Meere, Ronan & O’Donnell, Terence, 2016. "Low Frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 75-86.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:56:y:2016:i:c:p:75-86
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.033
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115012988
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.033?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. de Alegría, Iñigo Martínez & Martín, Jose Luis & Kortabarria, Iñigo & Andreu, Jon & Ereño, Pedro Ibañez, 2009. "Transmission alternatives for offshore electrical power," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 1027-1038, June.
    2. Hossain, Md Maruf & Ali, Mohd. Hasan, 2015. "Future research directions for the wind turbine generator system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 481-489.
    3. Díaz-González, Francisco & Hau, Melanie & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2014. "Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: Review of grid code requirements and control methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 551-564.
    4. Rodrigues, S. & Restrepo, C. & Kontos, E. & Teixeira Pinto, R. & Bauer, P., 2015. "Trends of offshore wind projects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1114-1135.
    5. Madariaga, A. & de Alegría, I. Martínez & Martín, J.L. & Eguía, P. & Ceballos, S., 2012. "Current facts about offshore wind farms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3105-3116.
    6. de Prada Gil, Mikel & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Sumper, Andreas, 2014. "Technical and economic assessment of offshore wind power plants based on variable frequency operation of clusters with a single power converter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 218-229.
    7. Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Junyent-Ferré, Adrià & Sumper, Andreas & Galceran-Arellano, Samuel, 2010. "Maximum generation power evaluation of variable frequency offshore wind farms when connected to a single power converter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(10), pages 3103-3109, October.
    8. Etxegarai, Agurtzane & Eguia, Pablo & Torres, Esther & Iturregi, Araitz & Valverde, Victor, 2015. "Review of grid connection requirements for generation assets in weak power grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1501-1514.
    9. Perveen, Rehana & Kishor, Nand & Mohanty, Soumya R., 2014. "Off-shore wind farm development: Present status and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 780-792.
    10. Domínguez-García, José Luis & Rogers, Daniel J. & Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E. & Liang, Jun & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2012. "Effect of non-standard operating frequencies on the economic cost of offshore AC networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 267-280.
    11. De Decker, Jan & Woyte, Achim, 2013. "Review of the various proposals for the European offshore grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 58-62.
    12. Madariaga, A. & Martín, J.L. & Zamora, I. & Martínez de Alegría, I. & Ceballos, S., 2013. "Technological trends in electric topologies for offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 32-44.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Soares-Ramos, Emanuel P.P. & de Oliveira-Assis, Lais & Sarrias-Mena, Raúl & Fernández-Ramírez, Luis M., 2020. "Current status and future trends of offshore wind power in Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    2. Meere, Ronan & Ruddy, Jonathan & McNamara, Paul & O'Donnell, Terence, 2017. "Variable AC transmission frequencies for offshore wind farm interconnection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 321-332.
    3. Meng, Yongqing & Yan, Shuhao & Wu, Kang & Ning, Lianhui & Li, Xuan & Wang, Xiuli & Wang, Xifan, 2021. "Comparative economic analysis of low frequency AC transmission system for the integration of large offshore wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1955-1968.
    4. Kala, Peeyush & Arora, Sudha, 2017. "A comprehensive study of classical and hybrid multilevel inverter topologies for renewable energy applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 905-931.
    5. Sadik Kucuksari & Nuh Erdogan & Umit Cali, 2019. "Impact of Electrical Topology, Capacity Factor and Line Length on Economic Performance of Offshore Wind Investments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-21, August.
    6. Yann Girard & Claudia Kemfert & Franziska Neumann & Julius Stoll, 2019. "Marktdesign für eine effiziente Netzanbindung von Offshore-Windenergie: eine Studie im Auftrag von Ørsted Offshore Wind," DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 127, number pbk136.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Schönleber, Kevin & Collados, Carlos & Pinto, Rodrigo Teixeira & Ratés-Palau, Sergi & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2017. "Optimization-based reactive power control in HVDC-connected wind power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 500-509.
    2. Martinez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2022. "Mapping of the levelised cost of energy for floating offshore wind in the European Atlantic," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Satir, Mert & Murphy, Fionnuala & McDonnell, Kevin, 2018. "Feasibility study of an offshore wind farm in the Aegean Sea, Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2552-2562.
    4. Madariaga, A. & Martín, J.L. & Zamora, I. & Martínez de Alegría, I. & Ceballos, S., 2013. "Technological trends in electric topologies for offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 32-44.
    5. Dedecca, João Gorenstein & Hakvoort, Rudi A. & Ortt, J. Roland, 2016. "Market strategies for offshore wind in Europe: A development and diffusion perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 286-296.
    6. Jijian Lian & Ou Cai & Xiaofeng Dong & Qi Jiang & Yue Zhao, 2019. "Health Monitoring and Safety Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Turbine Structure: A Review and Discussion of Future Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-29, January.
    7. Domínguez-García, José Luis & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Bianchi, Fernando D. & Sumper, Andreas, 2012. "Power oscillation damping supported by wind power: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4994-5006.
    8. Alessandra Follo & Oscar Saborío-Romano & Elisabetta Tedeschi & Nicolaos A. Cutululis, 2021. "Challenges in All-DC Offshore Wind Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, September.
    9. Raza, Muhammad & Collados, Carlos & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2017. "Reactive power management in an offshore AC network having multiple voltage source converters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 793-803.
    10. Chen, Xinping & Foley, Aoife & Zhang, Zenghai & Wang, Kaimin & O'Driscoll, Kieran, 2020. "An assessment of wind energy potential in the Beibu Gulf considering the energy demands of the Beibu Gulf Economic Rim," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    11. de Prada Gil, Mikel & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Sumper, Andreas, 2014. "Technical and economic assessment of offshore wind power plants based on variable frequency operation of clusters with a single power converter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 218-229.
    12. De-Prada-Gil, Mikel & Díaz-González, Francisco & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Sumper, Andreas, 2015. "DFIG-based offshore wind power plant connected to a single VSC-HVDC operated at variable frequency: Energy yield assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 311-322.
    13. Tsai, Yu-Ching & Huang, Yu-Fen & Yang, Jing-Tang, 2016. "Strategies for the development of offshore wind technology for far-east countries – A point of view from patent analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 182-194.
    14. Cheng, Yi & Azizipanah-Abarghooee, Rasoul & Azizi, Sadegh & Ding, Lei & Terzija, Vladimir, 2020. "Smart frequency control in low inertia energy systems based on frequency response techniques: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    15. Asad Rehman & Mohsin Ali Koondhar & Zafar Ali & Munawar Jamali & Ragab A. El-Sehiemy, 2023. "Critical Issues of Optimal Reactive Power Compensation Based on an HVAC Transmission System for an Offshore Wind Farm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, September.
    16. Felipe M. Pimenta & Allan R. Silva & Arcilan T. Assireu & Vinicio de S. e Almeida & Osvaldo R. Saavedra, 2019. "Brazil Offshore Wind Resources and Atmospheric Surface Layer Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, November.
    17. Zountouridou, E.I. & Kiokes, G.C. & Chakalis, S. & Georgilakis, P.S. & Hatziargyriou, N.D., 2015. "Offshore floating wind parks in the deep waters of Mediterranean Sea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 433-448.
    18. Christoffer Fjellstedt & Md Imran Ullah & Johan Forslund & Erik Jonasson & Irina Temiz & Karin Thomas, 2022. "A Review of AC and DC Collection Grids for Offshore Renewable Energy with a Qualitative Evaluation for Marine Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-26, August.
    19. López, Iraide & Andreu, Jon & Ceballos, Salvador & Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo & Kortabarria, Iñigo, 2013. "Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 413-434.
    20. Brzezińska-Rawa, Anna & Goździewicz-Biechońska, Justyna, 2014. "Recent developments in the wind energy sector in Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 79-87.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:56:y:2016:i:c:p:75-86. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.