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Variable AC transmission frequencies for offshore wind farm interconnection

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  • Meere, Ronan
  • Ruddy, Jonathan
  • McNamara, Paul
  • O'Donnell, Terence

Abstract

Non-standard AC transmission frequencies have been suggested in literature as a potential competitor to VSC-HVDC transmission for offshore wind farms integration (>100 km). Transmitting at lower than standard 50/60 Hz frequency provides the advantage of longer transmissible range for bulk AC power transfer and potentially lower losses in associated wind farm components. A higher than nominal frequency reduces the size of the required transformers and offshore platforms, potentially reducing cost substantially. This paper examines the selection of non-standard AC transmission frequencies from 1 to 100 Hz presenting a techno-economic analysis and methodology for comparing AC to standard benchmark VSC-HVDC technology in terms of power loss, size/volume of components, CAPEX and operation/maintenance metrics. It is shown at frequencies lower than 20 Hz, cost of energy is comparable to standard VSC-HVDC; due in part to lower number of cables required to carry full load power and the removal of the offshore VSC-HVDC converter station. The key contribution of this work is exploring the potential extended range of transmission capability for non-conventional AC frequency approaches that display comparable power loss and CAPEX/OPEX to VSC-HVDC based transmission for offshore wind integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Meere, Ronan & Ruddy, Jonathan & McNamara, Paul & O'Donnell, Terence, 2017. "Variable AC transmission frequencies for offshore wind farm interconnection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 321-332.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:103:y:2017:i:c:p:321-332
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.11.037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ruddy, Jonathan & Meere, Ronan & O’Donnell, Terence, 2016. "Low Frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 75-86.
    2. Madariaga, A. & Martín, J.L. & Zamora, I. & Martínez de Alegría, I. & Ceballos, S., 2013. "Technological trends in electric topologies for offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 32-44.
    3. Dicorato, M. & Forte, G. & Pisani, M. & Trovato, M., 2011. "Guidelines for assessment of investment cost for offshore wind generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2043-2051.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Ho, Lip-Wah & Lie, Tek-Tjing & Leong, Paul TM & Clear, Tony, 2018. "Developing offshore wind farm siting criteria by using an international Delphi method," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 53-67.
    3. Wiegner, J.F. & Andreasson, L.M. & Kusters, J.E.H. & Nienhuis, R.M., 2024. "Interdisciplinary perspectives on offshore energy system integration in the North Sea: A systematic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    4. Emir Omerdic & Jakub Osmic & Cathal O’Donnell & Edin Omerdic, 2021. "Control Algorithm for Parallel Connected Offshore Wind Turbine Generators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-28, August.

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