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A Review of AC and DC Collection Grids for Offshore Renewable Energy with a Qualitative Evaluation for Marine Energy Resources

Author

Listed:
  • Christoffer Fjellstedt

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Md Imran Ullah

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Johan Forslund

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Erik Jonasson

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Irina Temiz

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Karin Thomas

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden)

Abstract

Marine energy resources could be crucial in meeting the increased demand for clean electricity. To enable the use of marine energy resources, developing efficient and durable offshore electrical systems is vital. Currently, there are no large-scale commercial projects with marine energy resources, and the question of how to design such electrical systems is still not settled. A natural starting point in investigating this is to draw on experiences and research from offshore wind power. This article reviews different collection grid topologies and key components for AC and DC grid structures. The review covers aspects such as the type of components, operation and estimated costs of commercially available components. A DC collection grid can be especially suitable for offshore marine energy resources, since the transmission losses are expected to be lower, and the electrical components could possibly be made smaller. Therefore, five DC collection grid topologies are proposed and qualitatively evaluated for marine energy resources using submerged and non-submerged marine energy converters. The properties, advantages and disadvantages of the proposed topologies are discussed, and it is concluded that a suitable electrical system for a marine energy farm will most surely be based on a site-specific techno-economic analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Christoffer Fjellstedt & Md Imran Ullah & Johan Forslund & Erik Jonasson & Irina Temiz & Karin Thomas, 2022. "A Review of AC and DC Collection Grids for Offshore Renewable Energy with a Qualitative Evaluation for Marine Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-26, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:16:p:5816-:d:885215
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. de Alegría, Iñigo Martínez & Martín, Jose Luis & Kortabarria, Iñigo & Andreu, Jon & Ereño, Pedro Ibañez, 2009. "Transmission alternatives for offshore electrical power," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 1027-1038, June.
    2. Lee, M.Q. & Lu, C.N. & Huang, H.S., 2009. "Reliability and cost analyses of electricity collection systems of a marine current farm--A Taiwanese case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(8), pages 2012-2021, October.
    3. Alassi, Abdulrahman & Bañales, Santiago & Ellabban, Omar & Adam, Grain & MacIver, Callum, 2019. "HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 530-554.
    4. Madariaga, A. & Martín, J.L. & Zamora, I. & Martínez de Alegría, I. & Ceballos, S., 2013. "Technological trends in electric topologies for offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 32-44.
    5. Adam J. Collin & Anup J. Nambiar & David Bould & Ben Whitby & M. A. Moonem & Benjamin Schenkman & Stanley Atcitty & Paulo Chainho & Aristides E. Kiprakis, 2017. "Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-31, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhen Tang & Guoxing Mu & Jie Pan & Zhiwei Xue & Hong Yang & Mingyang Mei & Zhihao Zhang & Peng Kou, 2023. "Dynamic Equivalent Model Considering Multiple Induction Motors for System Frequency Response," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-23, March.
    2. Ran Tao & Jingpeng Yue & Zhenlin Huang & Ranran An & Zou Li & Junfeng Liu, 2022. "A High-Gain DC Side Converter with a Ripple-Free Input Current for Offshore Wind Energy Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Anindya Ray & Kaushik Rajashekara, 2023. "Electrification of Offshore Oil and Gas Production: Architectures and Power Conversion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.

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