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Thermal runaway and fire of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery and contamination of infrastructure facility

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  • Held, Marcel
  • Tuchschmid, Martin
  • Zennegg, Markus
  • Figi, Renato
  • Schreiner, Claudia
  • Mellert, Lars Derek
  • Welte, Urs
  • Kompatscher, Michael
  • Hermann, Michael
  • Nachef, Léa

Abstract

Thermal runaway and the subsequent fire of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries cause a specific type of contamination. In order to assess the resulting risks of damage to critical infrastructure and to human health, we perform practical thermal runaway experiments with lithium-ion battery modules of an approved, commercially available electric vehicle. Extensive chemical analyses identify and quantify the soot depositions in ventilated and non-ventilated rooms. Contamination mainly consists of the metal oxides of the cathode material, lithium and fluoride compounds. Their influence on surfaces, protective textiles as well as their corrosiveness to typical metals and the impairment of electrical and electronic devices is low. The analysis of sprinkling and cooling water shows the necessary extent of its decontamination. Recommendations include preventive and mitigating measures for the appropriate handling of contamination caused by fires from lithium-ion battery powered electric vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • Held, Marcel & Tuchschmid, Martin & Zennegg, Markus & Figi, Renato & Schreiner, Claudia & Mellert, Lars Derek & Welte, Urs & Kompatscher, Michael & Hermann, Michael & Nachef, Léa, 2022. "Thermal runaway and fire of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery and contamination of infrastructure facility," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:165:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122003793
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112474
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wangda Li & Evan M. Erickson & Arumugam Manthiram, 2020. "High-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-based automotive batteries," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 26-34, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Naseri, F. & Gil, S. & Barbu, C. & Cetkin, E. & Yarimca, G. & Jensen, A.C. & Larsen, P.G. & Gomes, C., 2023. "Digital twin of electric vehicle battery systems: Comprehensive review of the use cases, requirements, and platforms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    2. Li, Li & Ling, Lei & Xie, Yajun & Zhou, Wencai & Wang, Tianbo & Zhang, Lanchun & Bei, Shaoyi & Zheng, Keqing & Xu, Qiang, 2023. "Comparative study of thermal management systems with different cooling structures for cylindrical battery modules: Side-cooling vs. terminal-cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    3. Zhu, Nannan & Tang, Fei, 2024. "Experimental study on flame morphology, ceiling temperature and carbon monoxide generation characteristic of prismatic lithium iron phosphate battery fires with different states of charge in a tunnel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    4. Hamed Sadegh Kouhestani & Xiaoping Yi & Guoqing Qi & Xunliang Liu & Ruimin Wang & Yang Gao & Xiao Yu & Lin Liu, 2022. "Prognosis and Health Management (PHM) of Solid-State Batteries: Perspectives, Challenges, and Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-26, September.
    5. E, Jiaqiang & Xiao, Hanxu & Tian, Sicheng & Huang, Yuxin, 2024. "A comprehensive review on thermal runaway model of a lithium-ion battery: Mechanism, thermal, mechanical, propagation, gas venting and combustion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    6. Shen, Dongxu & Yang, Dazhi & Lyu, Chao & Ma, Jingyan & Hinds, Gareth & Sun, Qingmin & Du, Limei & Wang, Lixin, 2024. "Multi-sensor multi-mode fault diagnosis for lithium-ion battery packs with time series and discriminative features," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    7. Shen, Dongxu & Lyu, Chao & Yang, Dazhi & Hinds, Gareth & Ma, Kai & Xu, Shaochun & Bai, Miao, 2024. "Concurrent multi-fault diagnosis of lithium-ion battery packs using random convolution kernel transformation and Gaussian process classifier," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    8. Murukadas, Deepu & Cho, Yeonhwa & Lee, Woongki & Lee, Sooyong & Kim, Hwajeong & Kim, Youngkyoo, 2024. "Lithium supercapacitors with environmentally-friend water-processable solid-state hybrid electrolytes of zinc oxide/polymer/lithium hydroxide," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    9. Gharehghani, Ayat & Rabiei, Moeed & Mehranfar, Sadegh & Saeedipour, Soheil & Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & García, Antonio & Reche, Carlos Mico, 2024. "Progress in battery thermal management systems technologies for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    10. Ewelina Szmytke & Dorota Brzezińska & Waldemar Machnowski & Szymon Kokot, 2022. "Firefighters’ Clothing Contamination in Fires of Electric Vehicle Batteries and Photovoltaic Modules—Literature Review and Pilot Tests Results," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, September.
    11. Shen, Dongxu & Lyu, Chao & Yang, Dazhi & Hinds, Gareth & Wang, Lixin, 2023. "Connection fault diagnosis for lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles based on mechanical vibration signals and broad belief network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).

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