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Stratified storage tank influence on performance of solar water heating system tested in Beirut

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  • Ghaddar, N.K.

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to evaluate the performance of an active solar water heating system that uses a stratified storage tank in both natural and forced circulation operation modes. A new inlet diffuser design was used in the tank to enhance stratification, and the performance of the solar water heating system was compared to heating systems with other tank inlet designs. A simulation program is used for modeling the thermal behavior of the stratified-tank solar water heating system. Comparison of the resulting calculations with experimental data show good agreement. System efficiencies as high as 60% are observed in the Beirut climate. A substantial increase of up to 20% in the energy delivered is observed when stratification is employed in the storage tank, as compared with the fully mixed tank model. The simulation model is then applied for actual Beirut weather to predict the monthly useful energy gain from using stratified-tank solar water heating systems against the fully mixed tank model.

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  • Ghaddar, N.K., 1994. "Stratified storage tank influence on performance of solar water heating system tested in Beirut," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 4(8), pages 911-925.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:4:y:1994:i:8:p:911-925
    DOI: 10.1016/0960-1481(94)90225-9
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    1. Ghaddar, N. K. & Al-Marafie, A. M. & Al-Kandari, A., 1989. "Numerical simulation of stratification behaviour in thermal storage tanks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 225-239.
    2. Sakkal, F. & Ghaddar, N. & Diab, J., 1993. "Solar collectors for the Beirut climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(4), pages 313-325.
    3. Oppel, F. J. & Ghajar, A. J. & Moretti, P. M., 1986. "Computer simulation of stratified heat storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 205-224.
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    1. Yang, Bei & Bai, Fengwu & Wang, Yan & Wang, Zhifeng, 2019. "Study on standby process of an air-based solid packed bed for flexible high-temperature heat storage: Experimental results and modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 135-146.
    2. Araújo, António & Silva, Rui, 2020. "Energy modeling of solar water heating systems with on-off control and thermally stratified storage using a fast computation algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 891-906.
    3. Jodeiri, A.M. & Goldsworthy, M.J. & Buffa, S. & Cozzini, M., 2022. "Role of sustainable heat sources in transition towards fourth generation district heating – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    4. Li, Gang, 2016. "Sensible heat thermal storage energy and exergy performance evaluations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 897-923.
    5. Soriga, Iuliana & Badescu, Viorel, 2017. "Performance of SDHW systems with fully mixed and stratified tank operation under radiative regimes with different degree of stability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1018-1034.
    6. Garnier, Celine & Muneer, Tariq & Currie, John, 2018. "Numerical and empirical evaluation of a novel building integrated collector storage solar water heater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 281-295.
    7. Farzaneh-Gord, M. & Arabkoohsar, A. & Deymi Dasht-bayaz, M. & Farzaneh-Kord, V., 2012. "Feasibility of accompanying uncontrolled linear heater with solar system in natural gas pressure drop stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 420-428.
    8. Ximo Masip & Emilio Navarro-Peris & José M. Corberán, 2020. "Influence of the Thermal Energy Storage Strategy on the Performance of a Booster Heat Pump for Domestic Hot Water Production System Based on the Use of Low Temperature Heat Source," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-24, December.
    9. Rodríguez-Hidalgo, M.C. & Rodríguez-Aumente, P.A. & Lecuona, A. & Legrand, M. & Ventas, R., 2012. "Domestic hot water consumption vs. solar thermal energy storage: The optimum size of the storage tank," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 897-906.
    10. Lake, Andrew & Rezaie, Behanz, 2018. "Energy and exergy efficiencies assessment for a stratified cold thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 605-615.
    11. Li, Haoran & Hou, Juan & Tian, Zhiyong & Hong, Tianzhen & Nord, Natasa & Rohde, Daniel, 2022. "Optimize heat prosumers' economic performance under current heating price models by using water tank thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    12. Li, Gang & Zheng, Xuefei, 2016. "Thermal energy storage system integration forms for a sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 736-757.
    13. Alimohammadisagvand, Behrang & Jokisalo, Juha & Kilpeläinen, Simo & Ali, Mubbashir & Sirén, Kai, 2016. "Cost-optimal thermal energy storage system for a residential building with heat pump heating and demand response control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 275-287.
    14. Han, Y.M. & Wang, R.Z. & Dai, Y.J., 2009. "Thermal stratification within the water tank," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 1014-1026, June.
    15. Ghaddar, N.K. & Shihab, M. & Bdeir, F., 1997. "Modeling and simulation of solar absorption system performance in Beirut," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 539-558.
    16. Feng, Changling & E, Jiaqiang & Han, Wei & Deng, Yuanwang & Zhang, Bin & Zhao, Xiaohuan & Han, Dandan, 2021. "Key technology and application analysis of zeolite adsorption for energy storage and heat-mass transfer process: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    17. Hesaraki, Arefeh & Holmberg, Sture & Haghighat, Fariborz, 2015. "Seasonal thermal energy storage with heat pumps and low temperatures in building projects—A comparative review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1199-1213.

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