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Manufacturing of zeolite based catalyst from zeolite tuft for biodiesel production from waste sunflower oil

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  • Al-Jammal, Noor
  • Al-Hamamre, Zayed
  • Alnaief, Mohammad

Abstract

In the present work, zeolite based catalyst was prepared from zeolite tuft by impregnation methods. The zeolite tuft was initially treated with hydrochloric acid (16%) and then several KOH/zeolite catalysts were prepared by impregnation in KOH solutions. Various solutions of KOH with different molarities (1–6 M) were used. Further modification for the catalyst was performed by a 2nd step impregnation treatment by heating and stirring the KOH/zeolite to 80 °C for 4 h. The zeolite tuft and the prepared catalysts were characterized by several analytical techniques in order to explore their physicochemical properties. These tests include: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Zero point of Charge (PHzpc), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The catalysts were then used for transesterification of waste sunflower vegetable oil in order to produce biodiesel. Among the different catalysts prepared, the 1–4M KOH/TZT catalyst provided the maximum biodiesel yield of 96.7% at 50 °C reaction temperature, methanol to oil molar ratio of 11.5:1, agitation speed of 800 rpm, 335 μm catalyst particle size and 2 h reaction time. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel comply with the EN and ASTM standard specifications.

Suggested Citation

  • Al-Jammal, Noor & Al-Hamamre, Zayed & Alnaief, Mohammad, 2016. "Manufacturing of zeolite based catalyst from zeolite tuft for biodiesel production from waste sunflower oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 449-459.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:93:y:2016:i:c:p:449-459
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.018
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