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Acidic deep eutectic solvents with long carbon chains as catalysts and reaction media for biodiesel production

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  • Liu, Ying
  • Yan, Hanzhao
  • Liu, Jia
  • Dong, Wanglai
  • Cao, Zhi
  • Hu, Xingbang
  • Zhou, Zheng

Abstract

To overcome the mass transfer limit and saponification, acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared with p-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) and quaternary ammonium salts with different carbon chains. The DESs acted as catalysts and reaction media for biodiesel production by transesterification of the cooked and waste vegetable oil. The DESs were characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR and TG. In five DESs, TOAB/p-TsOH was found to enhance the direct contact between methanol and oil and have the highest catalytic activity due to its long carbon chain, which was chosen to further optimize. The suggested conditions given by the response surface methodology model were the reaction temperature of 70.5 °C, catalyst dosage of 24.6 wt%, and a molar ratio of 12.5, which reached the yield of 99.2%. Furthermore, the kinetic study of transesterification was studied and followed the pseudo-first-order reaction mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Ying & Yan, Hanzhao & Liu, Jia & Dong, Wanglai & Cao, Zhi & Hu, Xingbang & Zhou, Zheng, 2020. "Acidic deep eutectic solvents with long carbon chains as catalysts and reaction media for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1842-1853.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:162:y:2020:i:c:p:1842-1853
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.121
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    3. Gao, Xiu & Chen, Chao & Zhang, Wenlu & Hong, Yanping & Wang, Chunrong & Wu, Guoqiang, 2022. "Sulfated TiO2 supported molybdenum-based catalysts for transesterification of Jatropha seed oil: Effect of molybdenum species and acidity properties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 357-369.

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