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Fast pyrolysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor

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  • Makkawi, Yassir
  • El Sayed, Yehya
  • Salih, Mubarak
  • Nancarrow, Paul
  • Banks, Scott
  • Bridgwater, Tony

Abstract

This study presents the first experimental investigation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste fast pyrolysis in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The physiochemical characteristics of the feedstock (from cultivars grown in the Emirate of Sharjah in the UAE), including three anatomical parts of the plant, namely, leaves, leaf stems and empty fruit bunches, have been first analyzed and compared to other popular type of biomass. These components have been subjected to fast pyrolysis and mass balances have been derived. The fast pyrolysis products (bio-oil, and non-condensable gas) have been analyzed in terms of their chemical composition, thermogravimetric profiles, and energy content. The overall product distribution in mass percentage at the pyrolysis temperature of 525 °C was found to be 38.8% bio-oil (including 10.4% reaction water), 37.2% biochar and 24.0% non-condensable gas. The overall energy conversion efficiency (ratio of energy content in the product to that in the feedstock) was found to be 87.0%, thus indicative of the good potential of converting the date palm waste to energy while eliminating the negative environmental impact and cost associated with waste disposal.

Suggested Citation

  • Makkawi, Yassir & El Sayed, Yehya & Salih, Mubarak & Nancarrow, Paul & Banks, Scott & Bridgwater, Tony, 2019. "Fast pyrolysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 719-730.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:143:y:2019:i:c:p:719-730
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.028
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    1. Sulaiman Al Yahya & Tahir Iqbal & Muhammad Mubashar Omar & Munir Ahmad, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste for Adoption in Saudi Arabia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Djaafri, Mohammed & Drissi, Aicha & Mehdaoui, Sabrina & Kalloum, Slimane & Atelge, M.R. & Khelafi, Mostefa & Kaidi, Kamel & Salem, Fethya & Tahri, Ahmed & Atabani, A.E. & Štěpanec, Libor, 2023. "Anaerobic digestion of dry palms from five cultivars of Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) namely H'mira, Teggaza, Tinacer, Aghamou and Takarbouchet: A new comparative study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    3. Kardaś, Dariusz & Hercel, Paulina & Polesek-Karczewska, Sylwia & Wardach-Świȩcicka, Izabela, 2019. "A novel insight into biomass pyrolysis – The process analysis by identifying timescales of heat diffusion, heating rate and reaction rate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    4. Valentina Zubkova & Andrzej Strojwas & Marcin Bielecki, 2021. "Analysis of the Pyrolytic Behaviour of Birch, Maple, and Rowan Leaves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Fahad Alkoaik & Abdulelah Al-Faraj & Ibrahim Al-Helal & Ronnel Fulleros & Mansour Ibrahim & Ahmed M. Abdel-Ghany, 2019. "Toward Sustainability in Rural Areas: Composting Palm Tree Residues in Rotating Bioreactors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Shokrollahi, Simin & Denayer, Joeri F.M. & Karimi, Keikhosro, 2023. "Efficient bioenergy recovery from different date palm industrial wastes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    7. Chaihad, Nichaboon & Situmorang, Yohanes Andre & Anniwaer, Aisikaer & Kurnia, Irwan & Karnjanakom, Surachai & Kasai, Yutaka & Abudula, Abuliti & Reubroycharoen, Prasert & Guan, Guoqing, 2021. "Preparation of various hierarchical HZSM-5 based catalysts for in-situ fast upgrading of bio-oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 283-292.
    8. Dmitrii Glushkov & Galina Nyashina & Anatolii Shvets & Amaro Pereira & Anand Ramanathan, 2021. "Current Status of the Pyrolysis and Gasification Mechanism of Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-24, November.
    9. Emmanuel Galiwango & Ali H. Al-Marzuoqi & Abbas A. Khaleel & Mahdi M. Abu-Omar, 2020. "Investigation of Non-Isothermal Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters for the Pyrolysis of Different Date Palm Parts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-19, December.
    10. Foster, William & Azimov, Ulugbek & Gauthier-Maradei, Paola & Molano, Liliana Castro & Combrinck, Madeleine & Munoz, Jose & Esteves, Jaime Jaimes & Patino, Luis, 2021. "Waste-to-energy conversion technologies in the UK: Processes and barriers – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    11. Remston Martis & Amani Al-Othman & Muhammad Tawalbeh & Malek Alkasrawi, 2020. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Date Palm Biomass Feedstock for Biofuel Production in UAE: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Fermentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-34, November.
    12. Thapat Silalertruksa & Chanipa Wirodcharuskul & Shabbir H. Gheewala, 2022. "Environmental Sustainability of Waste Circulation Models for Sugarcane Biorefinery System in Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-21, December.

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