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Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste for Adoption in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Sulaiman Al Yahya

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia)

  • Tahir Iqbal

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
    National Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Mubashar Omar

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Munir Ahmad

    (Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

Abstract

Date palm trees, being an important source of nutrition, are grown at a large scale in Saudi Arabia. The biomass waste of date palm, discarded of in a non-environmentally-friendly manner at present, can be used for biofuel generation through the fast pyrolysis technique. This technique is considered viable for thermochemical conversion of solid biomass into biofuels in terms of the initial investment, production cost, and operational cost, as well as power consumption and thermal application cost. In this study, a techno-economic analysis has been performed to assess the feasibility of converting date palm waste into bio-oil, char, and burnable gases by defining the optimum reactor design and thermal profile. Previous studies concluded that at an optimum temperature of 525 °C, the maximum bio-oil, char and gases obtained from pyrolysis of date palm waste contributed 38.8, 37.2 and 24% of the used feed stock material (on weight basis), respectively, while fluidized bed reactor exhibited high suitability for fast pyrolysis. Based on the pyrolysis product percentage, the economic analysis estimated the net saving of USD 556.8 per ton of the date palm waste processed in the pyrolysis unit. It was further estimated that Saudi Arabia could earn USD 44.77 million per annum, approximately, if 50% of the total date palm waste were processed through fast pyrolysis, with a payback time of 2.57 years. Besides that, this intervention will reduce 2029 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually, contributing towards a lower carbon footprint.

Suggested Citation

  • Sulaiman Al Yahya & Tahir Iqbal & Muhammad Mubashar Omar & Munir Ahmad, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste for Adoption in Saudi Arabia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6048-:d:641105
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    2. Anastasia Zabaniotou & Ioannis Vaskalis, 2023. "Economic Assessment of Polypropylene Waste (PP) Pyrolysis in Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-26, January.
    3. Djaafri, Mohammed & Drissi, Aicha & Mehdaoui, Sabrina & Kalloum, Slimane & Atelge, M.R. & Khelafi, Mostefa & Kaidi, Kamel & Salem, Fethya & Tahri, Ahmed & Atabani, A.E. & Štěpanec, Libor, 2023. "Anaerobic digestion of dry palms from five cultivars of Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) namely H'mira, Teggaza, Tinacer, Aghamou and Takarbouchet: A new comparative study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    4. Bartłomiej Igliński & Wojciech Kujawski & Urszula Kiełkowska, 2023. "Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass: Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
    5. Nahed Ahmed Hussien & Jamila S. Al Malki & Farah A. R. Al Harthy & Asrar W. Mazi & Jumanh A. A. Al Shadadi, 2023. "Sustainable Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Banana Peel and Date Seed Extracts, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, June.
    6. Samy Yousef & Vidas Lekavičius & Nerijus Striūgas, 2023. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermochemical Conversion of Waste Masks Generated in the EU during COVID-19 Pandemic into Energy Products," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, May.
    7. Anderson Rocha Amaral & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Caio Campos Ferreira & Anderson Mathias Pereira & Wenderson Gomes Dos Santos & Lia Martins Pereira & Marcelo Costa Santos & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunçã, 2023. "Economic Analysis of Thermal–Catalytic Process of Palm Oil ( Elaeis guineesensis, Jacq) and Soap Phase Residue from Neutralization Process of Palm Oil ( Elaeis guineensis , Jacq)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-23, January.
    8. Muhammad Sultan & Muhammad Hamid Mahmood & Md Shamim Ahamed & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, 2022. "Energy Systems and Applications in Agriculture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-3, December.

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