IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v142y2019icp658-667.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effective biodiesel synthesis from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived glycerol

Author

Listed:
  • Sangar, Shatesh Kumar
  • Syazwani, Osman Nur
  • Farabi, M.S. Ahmad
  • Razali, S.M.
  • Shobhana, Gnanasekhar
  • Teo, Siow Hwa
  • Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin

Abstract

Cost efficient and environmental friendly carbon derived glycerol (CG) was prepared by insitu carbonication and sulfonation process. The synthesized CG was sulfonated with H2SO4 for 10 h denoted as SCG-(10) catalyst. The physico-chemical properties of the prepared catalyst were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature programmed desorption-ammonia (TPD-NH3), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and CHNSO elemental analysis. The specific surface area and total acidity were increased significantly after being sulfonated at different time of reflux; whereas, the SCG-(10) catalyst showed the highest total amount of acidity (35117.14 μmol/g). Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was successfully obtained high fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with yield 97.8% at optimum parameter of 18:1 methanol to PFAD molar ratio, 5 wt% catalyst loading and 90 °C reaction temperature within 1 h. The catalyst was successfully reused for 7 cycles and it was found that the catalytic activity maintained with >96% of FAME yield for the first three run. The regenerated SCG-(10) catalyst has been used for another four consecutive of reusability run indicates the viability of utilizing carbon catalyst derived glycerol for biodiesel production.

Suggested Citation

  • Sangar, Shatesh Kumar & Syazwani, Osman Nur & Farabi, M.S. Ahmad & Razali, S.M. & Shobhana, Gnanasekhar & Teo, Siow Hwa & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2019. "Effective biodiesel synthesis from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived glycerol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 658-667.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:142:y:2019:i:c:p:658-667
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.118
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148119306020
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.118?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chongkhong, S. & Tongurai, C. & Chetpattananondh, P., 2009. "Continuous esterification for biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate using economical process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 1059-1063.
    2. Syazwani, Osman Nur & Rashid, Umer & Mastuli, Mohd Sufri & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2019. "Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to biodiesel using Bi-functional catalyst synthesized from waste angel wing shell (Cyrtopleura costata)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 187-196.
    3. Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan & Goodwin, James G. & Prasertdham, Piyasan, 2016. "A green sulfonated carbon-based catalyst derived from coffee residue for esterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 262-269.
    4. Quispe, César A.G. & Coronado, Christian J.R. & Carvalho Jr., João A., 2013. "Glycerol: Production, consumption, prices, characterization and new trends in combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 475-493.
    5. Akinfalabi, Shehu-Ibrahim & Rashid, Umer & Yunus, Robiah & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2017. "Synthesis of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated palm seed cake catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 611-619.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tian, Hongli & Shao, Yuewen & Liang, Chuanfei & Xu, Qing & Zhang, Lijun & Zhang, Shu & Liu, Shuhua & Hu, Xun, 2020. "Sulfated attapulgite for catalyzing the conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate: Impacts of sulfonation on structural transformation and evolution of acidic sites on the catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1576-1586.
    2. Yu, Hewei & Cao, Yunlong & Li, Heyao & Zhao, Gaiju & Zhang, Xingyu & Cheng, Shen & Wei, Wei, 2021. "An efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from waste ginger straw for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 533-542.
    3. Teo, Siow Hwa & Islam, Aminul & Mansir, Nasar & Shamsuddin, Mohd Razali & Joseph, Collin G. & Goto, Motonobu & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2022. "Sustainable biofuel production approach: Critical methanol green transesterification by efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    4. Aisien, Felix Aibuedefe & Aisien, Eki Tina, 2023. "Modeling and optimization of transesterification of rubber seed oil using sulfonated CaO derived from giant African land snail (Achatina fulica) catalyst by response surface methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 137-146.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yu, Hewei & Cao, Yunlong & Li, Heyao & Zhao, Gaiju & Zhang, Xingyu & Cheng, Shen & Wei, Wei, 2021. "An efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from waste ginger straw for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 533-542.
    2. Ardi, M.S. & Aroua, M.K. & Hashim, N. Awanis, 2015. "Progress, prospect and challenges in glycerol purification process: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1164-1173.
    3. Thushari, Indika & Babel, Sandhya & Samart, Chanatip, 2019. "Biodiesel production in an autoclave reactor using waste palm oil and coconut coir husk derived catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 125-134.
    4. Rocha, Pablo D. & Oliveira, Leandro S. & Franca, Adriana S., 2019. "Sulfonated activated carbon from corn cobs as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production using microwave-assisted transesterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1710-1716.
    5. Zailan, Zarifah & Tahir, Muhammad & Jusoh, Mazura & Zakaria, Zaki Yamani, 2021. "A review of sulfonic group bearing porous carbon catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 430-452.
    6. Silva, Sónia M. & Peixoto, Andreia F. & Freire, Cristina, 2020. "Organosulfonic acid functionalized montmorillonites as solid catalysts for (trans) esterification of free fatty acids and (waste) oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2416-2429.
    7. El yaakouby, Ichraq & Rhrissi, Ilyass & Abouliatim, Youness & Hlaibi, Miloudi & Kamil, Noureddine, 2023. "Moroccan sardine scales as a novel and renewable source of heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production using palm fatty acid distillate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    8. Yang, Jinfan & Ao, Zhifeng & Wu, Hao & Zhang, Sufeng & Chi, Concong & Hou, Chen & Qian, Liwei, 2020. "Waste paper-derived magnetic carbon composite: A novel eco-friendly solid acid for the synthesis of n-butyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 477-483.
    9. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Abdul Aziz, A.R. & Sulaiman, N.M.N., 2011. "Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 5051-5062.
    10. Cornejo, A. & Barrio, I. & Campoy, M. & Lázaro, J. & Navarrete, B., 2017. "Oxygenated fuel additives from glycerol valorization. Main production pathways and effects on fuel properties and engine performance: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1400-1413.
    11. Gualberto Zavarize, Danilo & Braun, Heder & Diniz de Oliveira, Jorge, 2021. "Methanolysis of low-FFA waste cooking oil with novel carbon-based heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from Amazon açaí berry seeds," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 621-634.
    12. Sooraj Kumar & Suhail Ahmed Soomro & Khanji Harijan & Mohammad Aslam Uqaili & Laveet Kumar, 2023. "Advancements of Biochar-Based Catalyst for Improved Production of Biodiesel: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-20, January.
    13. Kivevele, Thomas & Kichonge, Baraka, 2024. "Techno-economic evaluation of transesterification processes for biodiesel production from low quality non-edible feedstocks: Process design and simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    14. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Aziz, A.R. Abdul & Sulaiman, N.M.N., 2011. "Refining technologies for the purification of crude biodiesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4239-4251.
    15. Francesco Asdrubali & Franco Cotana & Federico Rossi & Andrea Presciutti & Antonella Rotili & Claudia Guattari, 2015. "Life Cycle Assessment of New Oxy-Fuels from Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-16, February.
    16. Guliani, Disha & Sobti, Amit & Toor, Amrit Pal, 2022. "Titania impregnated mesoporous MCM-48 as a solid photo-catalyst for the synthesis of methyl palmitate: Reaction mechanism and kinetics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 405-417.
    17. Chattopadhyay, Soham & Sen, Ramkrishna, 2013. "Fuel properties, engine performance and environmental benefits of biodiesel produced by a green process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 319-326.
    18. He, Quan (Sophia) & McNutt, Josiah & Yang, Jie, 2017. "Utilization of the residual glycerol from biodiesel production for renewable energy generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 63-76.
    19. Carvalho, Lara & Lundgren, Joakim & Wetterlund, Elisabeth & Wolf, Jens & Furusjö, Erik, 2018. "Methanol production via black liquor co-gasification with expanded raw material base – Techno-economic assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 570-584.
    20. Pessoa Junior, Wanison A.G. & Takeno, Mitsuo L. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Barros, Silma de S. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Silva, Edson P. & Manzato, Lizandro & Iglauer, Stefan & de Freitas, Flávio A., 2020. "Application of water treatment sludge as a low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst in the biodiesel production via fatty acids esterification: Process optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:142:y:2019:i:c:p:658-667. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.