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A constrained wind farm controller providing secondary frequency regulation: An LES study

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  • Boersma, S.
  • Doekemeijer, B.M.
  • Siniscalchi-Minna, S.
  • van Wingerden, J.W.

Abstract

Active power control for wind farms is needed to provide ancillary services. One of these services is to track a power reference signal with a wind farm by dynamically de- and uprating the turbines. In this paper we present a closed-loop wind farm controller that evaluates 1) thrust coefficients on a seconds-scale that provide power tracking and minimize dynamical loading on a farm level and 2) yaw settings on a minutes-scale that maximize the possible power that can be harvested by the farm. The controller is evaluated in a high-fidelity wind farm model. A six-turbine simulation case study is used to demonstrate the time-efficient controller for different controller settings. The results indicate that, with a power reference signal below the maximal possible power that can be harvested by the farm with non-yawed turbines, both tracking and reduction in dynamical loading can be ensured. In a second case study we illustrate that, when a wind farm power reference signal exceeds the maximal possible power that can be harvested with non-yawed turbines for a time period, it can not be tracked sufficiently. However, when solving for and applying optimized yaw settings, tracking can be ensured for the complete simulation horizon.

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  • Boersma, S. & Doekemeijer, B.M. & Siniscalchi-Minna, S. & van Wingerden, J.W., 2019. "A constrained wind farm controller providing secondary frequency regulation: An LES study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 639-652.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:134:y:2019:i:c:p:639-652
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.11.031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fleming, Paul A. & Gebraad, Pieter M.O. & Lee, Sang & van Wingerden, Jan-Willem & Johnson, Kathryn & Churchfield, Matt & Michalakes, John & Spalart, Philippe & Moriarty, Patrick, 2014. "Evaluating techniques for redirecting turbine wakes using SOWFA," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 211-218.
    2. Wim Munters & Johan Meyers, 2018. "Dynamic Strategies for Yaw and Induction Control of Wind Farms Based on Large-Eddy Simulation and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-32, January.
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    1. Gonzalez Silva, Jean & Ferrari, Riccardo & van Wingerden, Jan-Willem, 2023. "Wind farm control for wake-loss compensation, thrust balancing and load-limiting of turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 421-433.
    2. Hubert Bialas & Ryszard Pawelek & Irena Wasiak, 2021. "A Simulation Model for Providing Analysis of Wind Farms Frequency and Voltage Regulation Services in an Electrical Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Doekemeijer, Bart M. & van der Hoek, Daan & van Wingerden, Jan-Willem, 2020. "Closed-loop model-based wind farm control using FLORIS under time-varying inflow conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 719-730.
    4. Mou Lin & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2019. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Yawed Wind-Turbine Wakes: Comparisons with Wind Tunnel Measurements and Analytical Wake Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-18, November.
    5. Carl R. Shapiro & Genevieve M. Starke & Charles Meneveau & Dennice F. Gayme, 2019. "A Wake Modeling Paradigm for Wind Farm Design and Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Hyungyu Kim & Kwansu Kim & Insu Paek, 2019. "A Study on the Effect of Closed-Loop Wind Farm Control on Power and Tower Load in Derating the TSO Command Condition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Del Pozo Gonzalez, Hector & Bianchi, Fernando D. & Dominguez-Garcia, Jose Luis & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2023. "Co-located wind-wave farms: Optimal control and grid integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).

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