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LTC (low-temperature combustion) analysis of PCCI (premixed charge compression ignition) with n-butanol and cotton seed biodiesel versus combustion and emissions characteristics of their binary mixtures

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  • Soloiu, Valentin
  • Moncada, Jose D.
  • Gaubert, Remi
  • Muiños, Martin
  • Harp, Spencer
  • Ilie, Marcel
  • Zdanowicz, Andrew
  • Molina, Gustavo

Abstract

Direct injection (DI) of cotton seed biodiesel (CS100) with port fuel injection (PFI) of n-butanol was used for producing Premixed Controlled Compression Ignition (PCCI) to achieve low-temperature combustion (LTC) and obtain lower gaseous emissions in comparison to ULSD#2 (ultra-low sulfur diesel). PFI engine operation was compared to the combustion of binary mixtures of the same fuels reflecting the same weight ratio of high reactivity (CS100) and low reactivity (n-butanol) fuels. The supercharged engine was operated at constant speed and load with 20% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). When compared to ULSD#2 reference, the ignition delay of 50% n-butanol and 50% CS100 binary mixture increased by 12% while the 50% n-butanol PFI with 50% CS100 DI led to a 17% decrease in ignition delay. Emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides were simultaneously improved using the PCCI strategy, reducing by 84% and 17%, respectively, given lower peak in-cylinder temperatures and increased oxygenation of the mixture. Carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) increased by several orders of magnitude as a downside of dual fuel injection; ringing intensity, however, improved, decreasing by 30% when using 50% n-butanol PFI in comparison to the ULSD#2 baseline given a smoother pressure gradients. Energy specific fuel consumption for CS50Bu50 (50% ULSD-50% n-butanol blend) increased by 4.5% compared to ULSD#2. The mechanical efficiencies and the coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEP were maintained at 70% and 2.5% respectively, during PCCI, indicating stable operation with renewable fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Soloiu, Valentin & Moncada, Jose D. & Gaubert, Remi & Muiños, Martin & Harp, Spencer & Ilie, Marcel & Zdanowicz, Andrew & Molina, Gustavo, 2018. "LTC (low-temperature combustion) analysis of PCCI (premixed charge compression ignition) with n-butanol and cotton seed biodiesel versus combustion and emissions characteristics of their binary mixtur," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 323-333.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:123:y:2018:i:c:p:323-333
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Soloiu, Valentin & Duggan, Marvin & Harp, Spencer & Vlcek, Brian & Williams, David, 2013. "PFI (port fuel injection) of n-butanol and direct injection of biodiesel to attain LTC (low-temperature combustion) for low-emissions idling in a compression engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 143-154.
    2. Soloiu, Valentin & Lewis, Jeffery & Yoshihara, Yoshinobu & Nishiwaki, Kazuie, 2011. "Combustion characteristics of a charcoal slurry in a direct injection diesel engine and the impact on the injection system performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4353-4371.
    3. Choi, Byungchul & Jiang, Xiaolong & Kim, Young Kwon & Jung, Gilsung & Lee, Chunhwan & Choi, Inchul & Song, Chi Sung, 2015. "Effect of diesel fuel blend with n-butanol on the emission of a turbocharged common rail direct injection diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 20-28.
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