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LTC (low-temperature combustion) analysis of PCCI (premixed charge compression ignition) with n-butanol and cotton seed biodiesel versus combustion and emissions characteristics of their binary mixtures

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  • Soloiu, Valentin
  • Moncada, Jose D.
  • Gaubert, Remi
  • Muiños, Martin
  • Harp, Spencer
  • Ilie, Marcel
  • Zdanowicz, Andrew
  • Molina, Gustavo

Abstract

Direct injection (DI) of cotton seed biodiesel (CS100) with port fuel injection (PFI) of n-butanol was used for producing Premixed Controlled Compression Ignition (PCCI) to achieve low-temperature combustion (LTC) and obtain lower gaseous emissions in comparison to ULSD#2 (ultra-low sulfur diesel). PFI engine operation was compared to the combustion of binary mixtures of the same fuels reflecting the same weight ratio of high reactivity (CS100) and low reactivity (n-butanol) fuels. The supercharged engine was operated at constant speed and load with 20% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). When compared to ULSD#2 reference, the ignition delay of 50% n-butanol and 50% CS100 binary mixture increased by 12% while the 50% n-butanol PFI with 50% CS100 DI led to a 17% decrease in ignition delay. Emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides were simultaneously improved using the PCCI strategy, reducing by 84% and 17%, respectively, given lower peak in-cylinder temperatures and increased oxygenation of the mixture. Carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) increased by several orders of magnitude as a downside of dual fuel injection; ringing intensity, however, improved, decreasing by 30% when using 50% n-butanol PFI in comparison to the ULSD#2 baseline given a smoother pressure gradients. Energy specific fuel consumption for CS50Bu50 (50% ULSD-50% n-butanol blend) increased by 4.5% compared to ULSD#2. The mechanical efficiencies and the coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEP were maintained at 70% and 2.5% respectively, during PCCI, indicating stable operation with renewable fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Soloiu, Valentin & Moncada, Jose D. & Gaubert, Remi & Muiños, Martin & Harp, Spencer & Ilie, Marcel & Zdanowicz, Andrew & Molina, Gustavo, 2018. "LTC (low-temperature combustion) analysis of PCCI (premixed charge compression ignition) with n-butanol and cotton seed biodiesel versus combustion and emissions characteristics of their binary mixtur," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 323-333.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:123:y:2018:i:c:p:323-333
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.061
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    1. Choi, Byungchul & Jiang, Xiaolong & Kim, Young Kwon & Jung, Gilsung & Lee, Chunhwan & Choi, Inchul & Song, Chi Sung, 2015. "Effect of diesel fuel blend with n-butanol on the emission of a turbocharged common rail direct injection diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 20-28.
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    1. Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Liu, Daming, 2020. "Bio-butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2494-2521.
    2. Soloiu, Valentin & Moncada, Jose D. & Gaubert, Remi & Knowles, Aliyah & Molina, Gustavo & Ilie, Marcel & Harp, Spencer & Wiley, Justin T., 2018. "Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition combustion and emissions using n-butanol and methyl oleate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 911-924.
    3. Duan, Xiongbo & Liu, Jingping & Yuan, Zhipeng & Guo, Genmiao & Liu, Qi & Tang, Qijun & Deng, Banglin & Guan, Jinhuan, 2018. "Experimental investigation of the effects of injection strategies on cycle-to-cycle variations of a DISI engine fueled with ethanol and gasoline blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 455-470.
    4. Pachiannan, Tamilselvan & Zhong, Wenjun & Rajkumar, Sundararajan & He, Zhixia & Leng, Xianying & Wang, Qian, 2019. "A literature review of fuel effects on performance and emission characteristics of low-temperature combustion strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Qian, Yong & Wu, Zhiyong & Guo, Jinjing & Li, Zilong & Jiang, Chenxu & Lu, Xingcai, 2019. "Experimental studies on the key parameters controlling the combustion and emission in premixed charge compression ignition concept based on diesel surrogates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 233-246.
    6. Duan, Xiongbo & Li, Yangyang & Liu, Jingping & Guo, Genmiao & Fu, Jianqin & Zhang, Quanchang & Zhang, Shiheng & Liu, Weiqiang, 2019. "Experimental study the effects of various compression ratios and spark timing on performance and emission of a lean-burn heavy-duty spark ignition engine fueled with methane gas and hydrogen blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 558-571.
    7. Mahlia, T.M.I. & Syazmi, Z.A.H.S. & Mofijur, M. & Abas, A.E. Pg & Bilad, M.R. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Silitonga, A.S., 2020. "Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    8. Rassoulinejad-Mousavi, Seyed Moein & Mao, Yijin & Zhang, Yuwen, 2018. "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Sandia methane-air flame by using a biofuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 313-323.
    9. Krishnamoorthi, M. & Malayalamurthi, R., 2018. "Engine characteristics analysis of chaulmoogra oil blends and corrosion analysis of injector nozzle using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1292-1319.
    10. Ranjit, P.S. & Chintala, Venkateswarlu, 2022. "Direct utilization of preheated deep fried oil in an indirect injection compression ignition engine with waste heat recovery framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).

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