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Investigation of particulate emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with higher alcohols/biodiesel blends

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  • Zhang, Zhi-Hui
  • Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar

Abstract

A systematic study was conducted to make a comparative evaluation of the effects of blending n-butanol and n-pentanol with biodiesel at 10% and 20% by volume on engine performance and on the physico-chemical characteristics of particulate emissions from a single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine. The engine was operated at a constant engine speed and at three engine loads. Compared to biodiesel, butanol–biodiesel blends lead to a maximum of 1.6% increase in the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and an increase in the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 1.9–3.9% at low and medium engine loads. Pentanol–biodiesel blends result in an improvement in the BTE and a maximum of 2% increase in the BSFC. Compared to biodiesel, both the blended fuels can reduce the particulate mass and elemental carbon (EC) emissions, with butanol being more effective than pentanol. The blended fuels also show a lower emission of total particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and also a lower carcinogenic potential. However, the proportion of particulate-bound organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) are increased for the both blended fuels, especially for 20% butanol in blends. The emissions of volatile and solid particles are reduced significantly in terms of their counts for both kinds of blended fuels at medium and high engine loads, whereas the total particle counts for both 10% and 20% butanol in blended fuels are increased at low engine load due to a significant increase in particles with diameter less than 15nm.

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  • Zhang, Zhi-Hui & Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar, 2016. "Investigation of particulate emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with higher alcohols/biodiesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 71-80.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:163:y:2016:i:c:p:71-80
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.173
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    9. Wei, L. & Cheung, C.S. & Ning, Z., 2018. "Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 957-970.
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    12. Zhang, Yunhua & Lou, Diming & Tan, Piqiang & Hu, Zhiyuan, 2018. "Particulate emissions from urban bus fueled with biodiesel blend and their reducing characteristics using particulate after-treatment system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 77-86.
    13. Kim, Keunsoo & Kim, Junghwan & Oh, Seungmook & Kim, Changup & Lee, Yonggyu, 2017. "Evaluation of injection and ignition schemes for the ultra-lean combustion direct-injection LPG engine to control particulate emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 123-135.
    14. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    15. Chao Jin & Xiaodan Li & Teng Xu & Juntong Dong & Zhenlong Geng & Jia Liu & Chenyun Ding & Jingjing Hu & Ahmed El ALAOUI & Qing Zhao & Haifeng Liu, 2023. "Zero-Carbon and Carbon-Neutral Fuels: A Review of Combustion Products and Cytotoxicity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-29, September.
    16. EL-Seesy, Ahmed I. & He, Zhixia & Kosaka, Hidenori, 2021. "Combustion and emission characteristics of a common rail diesel engine run with n-heptanol-methyl oleate mixtures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    17. Nadir Yilmaz & Alpaslan Atmanli & Matthew J. Hall & Francisco M. Vigil, 2022. "Determination of the Optimum Blend Ratio of Diesel, Waste Oil Derived Biodiesel and 1-Pentanol Using the Response Surface Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.
    18. Fayad, M.A. & Tsolakis, A. & Fernández-Rodríguez, D. & Herreros, J.M. & Martos, F.J. & Lapuerta, M., 2017. "Manipulating modern diesel engine particulate emission characteristics through butanol fuel blending and fuel injection strategies for efficient diesel oxidation catalysts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 490-500.
    19. Abbey Dabebara Minaibim & Ogunyemi Tolulope Charles & ABBEY Minaibim Ellerton, 2022. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Level From Hvac In Bonny Island," Geological Behavior (GBR), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 6(2), pages 93-100, July.
    20. Puneet Verma & Svetlana Stevanovic & Ali Zare & Gaurav Dwivedi & Thuy Chu Van & Morgan Davidson & Thomas Rainey & Richard J. Brown & Zoran D. Ristovski, 2019. "An Overview of the Influence of Biodiesel, Alcohols, and Various Oxygenated Additives on the Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-25, May.

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