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Parking futures: Preparing European cities for the advent of automated vehicles

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  • González-González, Esther
  • Nogués, Soledad
  • Stead, Dominic

Abstract

The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) is a virtual certainty. Much less certain is the timing of their introduction and how rapid the transition to full automation will be. Various governments are already working to facilitate this shift by, for example, amending and elaborating regulations to support the introduction of AVs, or supporting tests in different urban environments. Meanwhile, urban and regional planners and decision-makers are still grappling with the uncertainties and differing opinions about the possible impacts of AVs on land-use changes and location choices, particularly in relation to the space available for vehicles, both moving (i.e. roadspace) and stationary (i.e. parking space). This paper uses a backcasting approach to identify critical policy decisions and measures to be taken before the implementation of AVs, so as to achieve a more desirable, attractive and high-quality city. These policy measures primarily relate to the reuse and reallocation of parking and roadspace. Two strategic decisions are found to be essential to meet the major goals of sustainable and liveable cities: a clear commitment to a shared mobility and the delimitation of Core Attractive Mixed-use Spaces (CAMS). In order to deliver these desired urbanisation patterns, a set of three policy paths, involving eight policy packages, is proposed for the next 20–30 years. This article provides urban and regional decision-makers with examples of interventions that can be implemented beyond and during the implementation of AVs.

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  • González-González, Esther & Nogués, Soledad & Stead, Dominic, 2020. "Parking futures: Preparing European cities for the advent of automated vehicles," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:91:y:2020:i:c:s0264837718311414
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.029
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    1. Nogués, Soledad & González-González, Esther & Cordera, Rubén, 2020. "New urban planning challenges under emerging autonomous mobility: evaluating backcasting scenarios and policies through an expert survey," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    2. Maryam Fayyaz & Esther González-González & Soledad Nogués, 2022. "Autonomous Mobility: A Potential Opportunity to Reclaim Public Spaces for People," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Pawluk De-Toledo, Katherine & O'Hern, Steve & Koppel, Sjaan, 2023. "A city-level transport vision for 2050: Reimagined since COVID-19," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 144-153.
    4. Liliana Andrei & Oana Luca & Florian Gaman, 2022. "Insights from User Preferences on Automated Vehicles: Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Value of Time in Romania Case," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
    5. You Kong & Jihong Ou & Longfei Chen & Fengchun Yang & Bo Yu, 2023. "The Environmental Impacts of Automated Vehicles on Parking: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-21, October.
    6. Aggelos Soteropoulos & Martin Berger & Mathias Mitteregger, 2021. "Compatibility of Automated Vehicles in Street Spaces: Considerations for a Sustainable Implementation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-32, March.

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