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Multivariate nonparametric test of independence

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  • Fan, Yanan
  • de Micheaux, Pierre Lafaye
  • Penev, Spiridon
  • Salopek, Donna

Abstract

The problem of testing mutual independence of p random vectors in a general setting where the dimensions of the vectors can be different and the distributions can be discrete, continuous or both is of great importance. We propose such a test which utilizes multivariate characteristic functions and is a generalization of known results. We characterize the limiting distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis. The limiting null distribution is approximated and the method is validated. Numerical results based on simulations are investigated and our methodology is implemented in the R package IndependenceTests. Power comparisons are also presented for some partial cases of our general test, where some competitive procedures exist.

Suggested Citation

  • Fan, Yanan & de Micheaux, Pierre Lafaye & Penev, Spiridon & Salopek, Donna, 2017. "Multivariate nonparametric test of independence," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 189-210.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:153:y:2017:i:c:p:189-210
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2016.09.014
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    Cited by:

    1. Roy, Angshuman & Ghosh, Anil K., 2020. "Some tests of independence based on maximum mean discrepancy and ranks of nearest neighbors," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    2. Zhao, Sihai Dave & Cai, T. Tony & Li, Hongzhe, 2017. "Optimal detection of weak positive latent dependence between two sequences of multiple tests," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 169-184.
    3. Marc Hallin & Simos Meintanis & Klaus Nordhausen, 2024. "Consistent Distribution–Free Affine–Invariant Tests for the Validity of Independent Component Models," Working Papers ECARES 2024-04, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    4. Meintanis, Simos G. & Hušková, Marie & Hlávka, Zdeněk, 2022. "Fourier-type tests of mutual independence between functional time series," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    5. Tarik Bahraoui & Nikolai Kolev, 2021. "New Measure of the Bivariate Asymmetry," Sankhya A: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Springer;Indian Statistical Institute, vol. 83(1), pages 421-448, February.
    6. Nasri, Bouchra R., 2022. "Tests of serial dependence for multivariate time series with arbitrary distributions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    7. Berghaus, Betina & Segers, Johan, 2018. "Weak convergence of the weighted empirical beta copula process," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 266-281.
    8. C Genest & J G Nešlehová & B Rémillard & O A Murphy, 2019. "Testing for independence in arbitrary distributions," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 106(1), pages 47-68.
    9. Luo, Chongliang & Liang, Jian & Li, Gen & Wang, Fei & Zhang, Changshui & Dey, Dipak K. & Chen, Kun, 2018. "Leveraging mixed and incomplete outcomes via reduced-rank modeling," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 378-394.
    10. Beaulieu Guillaume Boglioni & de Micheaux Pierre Lafaye & Ouimet Frédéric, 2021. "Counterexamples to the classical central limit theorem for triplewise independent random variables having a common arbitrary margin," Dependence Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 424-438, January.
    11. Jin, Ze & Matteson, David S., 2018. "Generalizing distance covariance to measure and test multivariate mutual dependence via complete and incomplete V-statistics," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 304-322.
    12. Sangyeol Lee & Simos G. Meintanis & Minyoung Jo, 2019. "Inferential procedures based on the integrated empirical characteristic function," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 103(3), pages 357-386, September.
    13. Angshuman Roy & Anil K. Ghosh & Alok Goswami & C. A. Murthy, 2022. "Some New Copula Based Distribution-free Tests of Independence among Several Random Variables," Sankhya A: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Springer;Indian Statistical Institute, vol. 84(2), pages 556-596, August.
    14. Chen, Feifei & Meintanis, Simos G. & Zhu, Lixing, 2019. "On some characterizations and multidimensional criteria for testing homogeneity, symmetry and independence," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 125-144.
    15. Dehghan, Sakineh & Faridrohani, Mohammad Reza, 2024. "A data depth based nonparametric test of independence between two random vectors," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).

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