IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v311y2024ics0360544224031931.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Battery state of charge estimation for electric vehicle using Kolmogorov-Arnold networks

Author

Listed:
  • Sulaiman, Mohd Herwan
  • Mustaffa, Zuriani
  • Mohamed, Amir Izzani
  • Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin
  • Mohd Rashid, Muhammad Ikram

Abstract

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SoC) in electric vehicle (EV) batteries is essential for effective battery management and optimal performance. This study investigates the application of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN) for SoC estimation, comparing its performance against Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and a hybrid Barnacles Mating Optimizer-deep learning model (BMO-DL). The dataset, derived from simulations involving a lithium polymer cell model (ePLB C020) in an electric car similar to Nissan Leaf EV, encompasses 68,741 instances, divided into training and testing sets. Three KAN models were developed and evaluated based on root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), maximum error (MAX), and coefficient of determination (R2). Residual analysis indicates that KAN-Model 1 performs the best, with residuals closely clustered around zero and no significant patterns, suggesting reliable and unbiased predictions. KAN-Model 2 also performs well but exhibits some nonlinear trends in the residuals. ANN and BMO-DL models show larger deviations and less consistent performance. These findings highlight the potential of KAN for enhancing SoC estimation accuracy in EV applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Sulaiman, Mohd Herwan & Mustaffa, Zuriani & Mohamed, Amir Izzani & Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin & Mohd Rashid, Muhammad Ikram, 2024. "Battery state of charge estimation for electric vehicle using Kolmogorov-Arnold networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:311:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224031931
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133417
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224031931
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133417?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maosong Fan & Mengmeng Geng & Kai Yang & Mingjie Zhang & Hao Liu, 2023. "State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Amiri, Mahshid N. & Håkansson, Anne & Burheim, Odne S. & Lamb, Jacob J., 2024. "Lithium-ion battery digitalization: Combining physics-based models and machine learning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    3. Chen, Junxiong & Feng, Xiong & Jiang, Lin & Zhu, Qiao, 2021. "State of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery using denoising autoencoder and gated recurrent unit recurrent neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    4. Sulaiman, Mohd Herwan & Mustaffa, Zuriani & Zakaria, Nor Farizan & Saari, Mohd Mawardi, 2023. "Using the evolutionary mating algorithm for optimizing deep learning parameters for battery state of charge estimation of electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    5. Xinwei Sun & Yang Zhang & Yongcheng Zhang & Licheng Wang & Kai Wang, 2023. "Summary of Health-State Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, July.
    6. Fan, Xinyuan & Zhang, Weige & Zhang, Caiping & Chen, Anci & An, Fulai, 2022. "SOC estimation of Li-ion battery using convolutional neural network with U-Net architecture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    7. Li, Yi & Zou, Changfu & Berecibar, Maitane & Nanini-Maury, Elise & Chan, Jonathan C.-W. & van den Bossche, Peter & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Omar, Noshin, 2018. "Random forest regression for online capacity estimation of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 197-210.
    8. Yang, Fangfang & Zhang, Shaohui & Li, Weihua & Miao, Qiang, 2020. "State-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries using LSTM and UKF," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    9. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Liu, Guangchen & Bage, Alhamdu Nuhu & Bobobee, Etse Dablu & Appiah, Emmanuel & Huang, Qi, 2024. "Enhanced extended-input LSTM with an adaptive singular value decomposition UKF for LIB SOC estimation using full-cycle current rate and temperature data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    10. Xiao, Renxin & Hu, Yanwen & Jia, Xianguang & Chen, Guisheng, 2022. "A novel estimation of state of charge for the lithium-ion battery in electric vehicle without open circuit voltage experiment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    11. Li, Renzheng & Wang, Hui & Dai, Haifeng & Hong, Jichao & Tong, Guangyao & Chen, Xinbo, 2022. "Accurate state of charge prediction for real-world battery systems using a novel dual-dropout-based neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    12. Sulaiman, Mohd Herwan & Mustaffa, Zuriani & Mohamed, Amir Izzani & Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin & Mohd Rashid, Muhammad Ikram, 2024. "Battery state of charge estimation for electric vehicle using Kolmogorov-Arnold networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    13. Peng, Qiao & Li, Wei & Fowler, Michael & Chen, Tao & Jiang, Wei & Liu, Kailong, 2024. "Battery calendar degradation trajectory prediction: Data-driven implementation and knowledge inspiration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    14. Chen, Junxiong & Zhang, Yu & Wu, Ji & Cheng, Weisong & Zhu, Qiao, 2023. "SOC estimation for lithium-ion battery using the LSTM-RNN with extended input and constrained output," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    15. Liu, Zheng & Zhao, Zhenhua & Qiu, Yuan & Jing, Benqin & Yang, Chunshan & Wu, Huifeng, 2023. "Enhanced state of charge estimation for Li-ion batteries through adaptive maximum correntropy Kalman filter with open circuit voltage correction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    16. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Zhang, Hongying & Li, Huan & Xu, Wenhua & Fernandez, Carlos, 2022. "An optimized relevant long short-term memory-squared gain extended Kalman filter for the state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sulaiman, Mohd Herwan & Mustaffa, Zuriani & Mohamed, Amir Izzani & Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin & Mohd Rashid, Muhammad Ikram, 2024. "Battery state of charge estimation for electric vehicle using Kolmogorov-Arnold networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wu, Jiang & Lei, Dong & Liu, Zelong & Zhang, Yan, 2024. "A fusion algorithm of multidimensional element space mapping architecture for SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries under dynamic operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    2. Chai, Xuqing & Li, Shihao & Liang, Fengwei, 2024. "A novel battery SOC estimation method based on random search optimized LSTM neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    3. Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Tahia F. Karim & Shaheer Ansari & Md. Sazal Miah & Md. Siddikur Rahman & Sheikh T. Meraj & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Raghavendra Rajan Vijayaraghavan, 2022. "Intelligent SOX Estimation for Automotive Battery Management Systems: State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Approaches, Open Issues, and Future Research Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-31, December.
    4. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Zhang, Hongying & Yang, Xiao & Fernandez, Carlos, 2023. "A hybrid probabilistic correction model for the state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries considering dynamic currents and temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    5. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Zhang, Hongying & Yang, Xiaoyong & Fernandez, Carlos, 2022. "An optimized long short-term memory-weighted fading extended Kalman filtering model with wide temperature adaptation for the state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    6. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Liu, Guangchen & Bage, Alhamdu Nuhu & Bobobee, Etse Dablu & Appiah, Emmanuel & Huang, Qi, 2024. "Enhanced extended-input LSTM with an adaptive singular value decomposition UKF for LIB SOC estimation using full-cycle current rate and temperature data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    7. Liu, Zixi & Ruan, Guanqiang & Tian, Yupeng & Hu, Xing & Yan, Rong & Yang, Kuo, 2024. "A real-world battery state of charge prediction method based on a lightweight mixer architecture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    8. Yu, Hanqing & Zhang, Lisheng & Wang, Wentao & Li, Shen & Chen, Siyan & Yang, Shichun & Li, Junfu & Liu, Xinhua, 2023. "State of charge estimation method by using a simplified electrochemical model in deep learning framework for lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    9. Li, Feng & Zuo, Wei & Zhou, Kun & Li, Qingqing & Huang, Yuhan & Zhang, Guangde, 2024. "State-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion battery based on second order resistor-capacitance circuit-PSO-TCN model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    10. Zafar, Muhammad Hamza & Mansoor, Majad & Abou Houran, Mohamad & Khan, Noman Mujeeb & Khan, Kamran & Raza Moosavi, Syed Kumayl & Sanfilippo, Filippo, 2023. "Hybrid deep learning model for efficient state of charge estimation of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    11. Jichao Hong & Fengwei Liang & Xun Gong & Xiaoming Xu & Quanqing Yu, 2022. "Accurate State of Charge Estimation for Real-World Battery Systems Using a Novel Grid Search and Cross Validated Optimised LSTM Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-14, December.
    12. Siyi Tao & Bo Jiang & Xuezhe Wei & Haifeng Dai, 2023. "A Systematic and Comparative Study of Distinct Recurrent Neural Networks for Lithium-Ion Battery State-of-Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-17, February.
    13. Qi, Wei & Qin, Wenhu & Yun, Zhonghua, 2024. "Closed-loop state of charge estimation of Li-ion batteries based on deep learning and robust adaptive Kalman filter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    14. Li, Zongxiang & Li, Liwei & Chen, Jing & Wang, Dongqing, 2024. "A multi-head attention mechanism aided hybrid network for identifying batteries’ state of charge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    15. Zhang, Hao & Gao, Jingyi & Kang, Le & Zhang, Yi & Wang, Licheng & Wang, Kai, 2023. "State of health estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on modified flower pollination algorithm-temporal convolutional network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    16. Zhao, Zhihui & Kou, Farong & Pan, Zhengniu & Chen, Leiming & Yang, Tianxiang, 2024. "Ultra-high-accuracy state-of-charge fusion estimation of lithium-ion batteries using variational mode decomposition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    17. Chen, Junxiong & Zhang, Yu & Wu, Ji & Cheng, Weisong & Zhu, Qiao, 2023. "SOC estimation for lithium-ion battery using the LSTM-RNN with extended input and constrained output," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    18. Li, Yichao & Ma, Chen & Liu, Kailong & Chang, Long & Zhang, Chenghui & Duan, Bin, 2024. "A novel joint estimation for core temperature and state of charge of lithium-ion battery based on classification approach and convolutional neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    19. Semeraro, Concetta & Caggiano, Mariateresa & Olabi, Abdul-Ghani & Dassisti, Michele, 2022. "Battery monitoring and prognostics optimization techniques: Challenges and opportunities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    20. Wang, Limei & Sun, Jingjing & Cai, Yingfeng & Lian, Yubo & Jin, Mengjie & Zhao, Xiuliang & Wang, Ruochen & Chen, Long & Chen, Jun, 2023. "A novel OCV curve reconstruction and update method of lithium-ion batteries at different temperatures based on cloud data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:311:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224031931. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.