Design and economic analysis of an innovative multi-generation system in different Countries with diverse economic contexts

This paper presents an innovative trigeneration system designed to maximize energy utilization by simultaneously producing power, cooling, and freshwater. The system integrates multiple energy sources, including biomass, natural gas, and geothermal energy, and comprises a modified gas turbine cycle, a geothermal power plant, a triple-effect absorption refrigeration cycle, and a multi-effect desalination unit. Performance metrics are evaluated from both thermodynamic and economic perspectives across four case studies: Australia, the USA, China, and Russia. The economic feasibility analysis utilizes real-state economic data, incorporating natural gas prices, electricity prices for households, interest rates, and inflation rates specific to each country. The system achieved impressive outputs, with net power, cooling, and freshwater production rates of 6299 kW, 140.1 kW, and 13.41 kg/s, respectively. Exergy analysis revealed that the combustion chamber, heat exchanger, and multi-effect desalination units exhibit the highest irreversibility, with exergy destruction rates of 2961 kW, 1125 kW, and 995.3 kW, respectively. The fixed capital investment cost is estimated at $13.5 million, resulting in a payback period of 6.75 years and a net present value of $7.287 million. In Australia, the system demonstrated a particularly favorable economic performance, with a payback period of 3.98 years and a net present value of $36.19 million. Conversely, in China, the payback period exceeds the system's expected lifetime, highlighting the economic challenges in certain environments. These results underscore the system's potential for profitability and sustainability, particularly in regions with favorable economic conditions.