IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v298y2024ics0360544224011356.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Application of semi-direct fuel injection system to free piston engine generator for better performance: Simulation approach with validation results

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Chang
  • Zhang, Zhiyuan
  • Ren, Peirong
  • Wei, Yidi
  • Jia, Boru
  • Zuo, Zhengxing
  • Wang, Wei
  • Feng, Huihua

Abstract

This paper explores methods to improve the fuel economy of a two-stroke free piston engine generator (FPEG) with no additional cost. In order to solve the problem of low fuel capture and poor fuel economy of two-stroke FPEG using port fuel injection (PFI), the fuel injection method is optimised in this paper. This fuel injection system is semi-direct injection (SDI). In contrast to PFI, SDI also uses a low-pressure injector, which introduces fuel directly into the ports of the engine. This study explores the feasibility of SDI on a free-piston engine generator through numerical simulation. The results show that SDI can effectively avoid short-circuit losses and improve the fuel capture rate by more than 60 % relative to PFI. Meanwhile, the ISFC is reduced by 42.3 %, and the lowest fuel consumption rate is 259.7 g/(kW·h). The combustion efficiency of SDI is maintained at over 95 % under warm-up conditions. Compared with PFI, the stagnation period is shortened by up to 10.9 % and the centre of gravity of combustion is advanced by up to 16.7 %. SDI effectively reduces HC emissions and has a lower NOx emission level than PFI. At the same time, SDI produces more CO due to stratified combustion.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Chang & Zhang, Zhiyuan & Ren, Peirong & Wei, Yidi & Jia, Boru & Zuo, Zhengxing & Wang, Wei & Feng, Huihua, 2024. "Application of semi-direct fuel injection system to free piston engine generator for better performance: Simulation approach with validation results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:298:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224011356
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131362
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224011356
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131362?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guo, Chendong & Zuo, Zhengxing & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Roskilly, Tony, 2020. "Review of recent advances of free-piston internal combustion engine linear generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    2. Yang, Zhenzhong & Zhang, Fu & Wang, Lijun & Wang, Kaixin & Zhang, Donghui, 2018. "Effects of injection mode on the mixture formation and combustion performance of the hydrogen internal combustion engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 715-728.
    3. Song, Jingeun & Lee, Ziyoung & Song, Jaecheon & Park, Sungwook, 2018. "Effects of injection strategy and coolant temperature on hydrocarbon and particulate emissions from a gasoline direct injection engine with high pressure injection up to 50 MPa," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 512-522.
    4. Hung, Nguyen Ba & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2016. "A review of free-piston linear engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 78-97.
    5. Kalghatgi, Gautam, 2018. "Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum in transport?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 965-974.
    6. Zhao, Jinxing, 2017. "Research and application of over-expansion cycle (Atkinson and Miller) engines – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 300-319.
    7. Mao, Jinlong & Zuo, Zhengxing & Li, Wen & Feng, Huihua, 2011. "Multi-dimensional scavenging analysis of a free-piston linear alternator based on numerical simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1140-1152, April.
    8. Yuan, Chenheng & Liu, Yang & Han, Cuijie & He, Yituan, 2019. "An investigation of mixture formation characteristics of a free-piston gasoline engine with direct-injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 626-636.
    9. Darzi, Mahdi & Johnson, Derek & Ulishney, Chris & Clark, Nigel, 2018. "Low pressure direct injection strategies effect on a small SI natural gas two-stroke engine’s energy distribution and emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1585-1602.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Guo, Chendong & Zuo, Zhengxing & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Roskilly, Tony, 2020. "Review of recent advances of free-piston internal combustion engine linear generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    2. Yuan, Chenheng & Liu, Yang & Han, Cuijie & He, Yituan, 2019. "An investigation of mixture formation characteristics of a free-piston gasoline engine with direct-injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 626-636.
    3. Yan, Xiaodong & Feng, Huihua & Zuo, Zhengxing & Zhang, Zhiyuan & Wu, Limin & Shi, Cheng, 2021. "A study on the working characteristics of free piston linear generator with dual cylinder configuration by different secondary injection strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    4. Zhou, Xianjie & Chen, Zheng & Zou, Peng & Liu, Jingping & Duan, Xiongbo & Qin, Tao & Zhang, Shiheng & Shen, Dazi, 2020. "Combustion and energy balance analysis of an unthrottled gasoline engine equipped with innovative variable valvetrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    5. Rocha, Déborah Domingos da & de Castro Radicchi, Fábio & Lopes, Gustavo Santos & Brunocilla, Marcello Francisco & Gomes, Paulo César de Ferreira & Santos, Nathalia Duarte Souza Alvarenga & Malaquias, , 2021. "Study of the water injection control parameters on combustion performance of a spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    6. Yuan, Chenheng & Lu, Jiangchuan & Li, Shilei, 2023. "Thermoelectric coupling effect of secondary injection on gasoline fuel spray and mixing of a free vibration combustion alternator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    7. Gen Chen & Ugochukwu Ngwaka & Dawei Wu & Mingqiang Li, 2024. "Performance and Emission Optimisation of an Ammonia/Hydrogen Fuelled Linear Joule Engine Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-21, March.
    8. Zhang, Yan & Yang, Binbin & Ji, Deliang & Hou, Xiaochen & Zhao, Bo & Zhang, Tiezhu, 2023. "Integrated simulation and performance analysis of Confined Piston Linear Generator (CPLG)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    9. Li, Jian & Zuo, Zhengxing & Liu, Wenzhen & Jia, Boru & Feng, Huihua & Wang, Wei & Smallbone, Andrew & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2023. "Generating performance of a tubular permanent magnet linear generator for application on free-piston engine generator prototype with wide-ranging operating parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    10. Wu, Limin & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Tang, Zhifeng & Yan, Xiaodong & Wang, Wei, 2022. "A novel method to investigate the power generation characteristics of linear generator in full frequency operation range applied to opposed-piston free-piston engine generator _ Simulation and test re," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    11. Zhang, Zhiyuan & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Zuo, Zhengxing & Yan, Xiaodong & Smallbone, Andrew & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2022. "Identification and analysis on the variation sources of a dual-cylinder free piston engine generator and their influence on system operating characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    12. Chendong Guo & Yahui Wang & Liang Tong & Huihua Feng & Zhengxing Zuo & Boru Jia, 2023. "Research on Piston Dynamics and Engine Performances of a Free-Piston Engine Linear Generator Coupling with Various Rebound Devices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    13. Kale, Aneesh Vijay & Krishnasamy, Anand, 2023. "Experimental study of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in a light-duty diesel engine fueled with isopropanol–gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    14. Gao, Jianbing & Tian, Guohong & Ma, Chaochen & Huang, Liyong & Xing, Shikai, 2021. "Simulation of the impacts on a direct hydrogen injection opposed rotary piston engine performance by the injection strategies and equivalence ratios," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1204-1216.
    15. Peng Sun & Chi Zhang & Jinhua Chen & Fei Zhao & Youyong Liao & Guilin Yang & Chinyin Chen, 2016. "Decoupling Design and Verification of a Free-Piston Linear Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-23, December.
    16. Djati Wibowo Djamari & Muhammad Idris & Permana Andi Paristiawan & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & Olusegun David Samuel & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Safarudin Gazali Herawan & Davannendran Chandran & Abdu, 2022. "Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, November.
    17. Benim, Ali Cemal & Pfeiffelmann, Björn & Ocłoń, Paweł & Taler, Jan, 2019. "Computational investigation of a lifted hydrogen flame with LES and FGM," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1172-1181.
    18. Osorio, Julian D. & Rivera-Alvarez, Alejandro, 2018. "Efficiency enhancement of spark-ignition engines using a Continuous Variable Valve Timing system for load control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 649-662.
    19. Khoa, Nguyen Xuan & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2019. "The effects of combustion duration on residual gas, effective release energy, engine power and engine emissions characteristics of the motorcycle engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 54-63.
    20. Ma, Zetai & Xie, Wenping & Xiang, Hanchun & Zhang, Kun & Yang, Mingyang & Deng, Kangyao, 2023. "Thermodynamic analysis of power recovery of marine diesel engine under high exhaust backpressure by additional electrically driven compressor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:298:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224011356. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.