IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v242y2022ics0360544221027778.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A techno-economic evaluation of low global warming potential heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycle systems for data center waste heat recovery

Author

Listed:
  • Marshall, Z.M.
  • Duquette, J.

Abstract

The increased use of cloud-based technology services in recent years has led to a global rise in data centers. Data centers consume vast amounts of electricity for server cooling. Servers are typically cooled using air-source vapour compression chillers which exhaust low-grade waste heat to the outdoors via a cooling tower. This waste heat can be recovered to a large degree by integrating an organic Rankine “power” cycle into the system. Although heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycle cooling systems have recently emerged as an efficient alternative to conventional air-source chiller systems, they may be considered to be as harmful to the environment due to their use of high global warming potential working fluids. The objective of this work is to determine the thermodynamic performance of several key heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycles that utilize low global warming potential working fluids and assess the economic impact of their utilization relative to a conventional air-source vapour compression chiller. Results show that heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycle systems utilizing low global warming potential working fluids are able to achieve efficiencies that are comparable to systems utilizing conventional working fluids. Additionally, these systems are found to be up to 65% less expensive than air-source vapour compression chillers and are less sensitive to variations in economic parameters. These results show promise with regards to their future implementation in both existing and future data centers.

Suggested Citation

  • Marshall, Z.M. & Duquette, J., 2022. "A techno-economic evaluation of low global warming potential heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycle systems for data center waste heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:242:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221027778
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122528
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221027778
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122528?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Gang, 2015. "Comprehensive investigations of life cycle climate performance of packaged air source heat pumps for residential application," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 702-710.
    2. Luo, Dong & Mahmoud, Ahmad & Cogswell, Frederick, 2015. "Evaluation of Low-GWP fluids for power generation with Organic Rankine Cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 481-488.
    3. Yu, Haoshui & Gundersen, Truls & Feng, Xiao, 2018. "Process integration of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and heat pump for low temperature waste heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 330-340.
    4. Usman, Muhammad & Imran, Muhammad & Yang, Youngmin & Lee, Dong Hyun & Park, Byung-Sik, 2017. "Thermo-economic comparison of air-cooled and cooling tower based Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with R245fa and R1233zde as candidate working fluids for different geographical climate conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 353-366.
    5. Ebrahimi, Khosrow & Jones, Gerard F. & Fleischer, Amy S., 2014. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 622-638.
    6. Satanphol, K. & Pridasawas, W. & Suphanit, B., 2017. "A study on optimal composition of zeotropic working fluid in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for low grade heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 326-339.
    7. Ahmadi, Gholam Reza & Toghraie, Davood, 2016. "Energy and exergy analysis of Montazeri Steam Power Plant in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 454-463.
    8. Tchanche, Bertrand F. & Lambrinos, Gr. & Frangoudakis, A. & Papadakis, G., 2011. "Low-grade heat conversion into power using organic Rankine cycles – A review of various applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 3963-3979.
    9. Le, Van Long & Feidt, Michel & Kheiri, Abdelhamid & Pelloux-Prayer, Sandrine, 2014. "Performance optimization of low-temperature power generation by supercritical ORCs (organic Rankine cycles) using low GWP (global warming potential) working fluids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 513-526.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Song, Zhiying & Zhang, Yuzhe & Ji, Jie & He, Wei & Hu, Zhongting & Xuan, Qingdong, 2024. "Yearly photoelectric/thermal and economic performance comparison between CPV and FPV dual-source heat pump systems in different regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    2. Yuan, Xiaolei & Liang, Yumin & Hu, Xinyi & Xu, Yizhe & Chen, Yongbao & Kosonen, Risto, 2023. "Waste heat recoveries in data centers: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    3. Wang, Enhua & Mao, Jingwen & Zhang, Bo & Wang, Yongzhen, 2023. "On the CAMD method based on PC-SAFT for working fluid design of a high-temperature organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    4. Han, Ouzhu & Ding, Tao & Mu, Chenggang & Jia, Wenhao & Ma, Zhoujun, 2023. "Waste heat reutilization and integrated demand response for decentralized optimization of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    5. Tian, Tong & Wang, Xinyue & Liu, Yang & Yang, Xuan & Sun, Bo & Li, Ji, 2023. "Nano-engineering enabled heat pipe battery: A powerful heat transfer infrastructure with capability of power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    6. Saedpanah, Ehsan & Lahonian, Mansour & Malek Abad, Mahdi Zare, 2023. "Optimization of multi-source renewable energy air conditioning systems using a combination of transient simulation, response surface method, and 3E lifespan analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sánchez, Carlos J.N. & da Silva, Alexandre K., 2018. "Technical and environmental analysis of transcritical Rankine cycles operating with numerous CO2 mixtures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 180-190.
    2. Tieyu Gao & Changwei Liu, 2017. "Off-Design Performances of Subcritical and Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycles in Geothermal Power Systems under an Optimal Control Strategy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, August.
    3. Li, Jian & Liu, Qiang & Ge, Zhong & Duan, Yuanyuan & Yang, Zhen & Di, Jiawei, 2017. "Optimized liquid-separated thermodynamic states for working fluids of organic Rankine cycles with liquid-separated condensation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 652-660.
    4. Lee, Seung Joo & Shon, Byung Hoon & Jung, Chung Woo & Kang, Yong Tae, 2018. "A novel type solar assisted heat pump using a low GWP refrigerant (R-1233zd(E)) with the flexible solar collector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 386-396.
    5. Lecompte, S. & Huisseune, H. & van den Broek, M. & De Paepe, M., 2015. "Methodical thermodynamic analysis and regression models of organic Rankine cycle architectures for waste heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 60-76.
    6. Li, Jian & Ge, Zhong & Duan, Yuanyuan & Yang, Zhen & Liu, Qiang, 2018. "Parametric optimization and thermodynamic performance comparison of single-pressure and dual-pressure evaporation organic Rankine cycles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 409-421.
    7. Juan J. García-Pabón & Dario Méndez-Méndez & Juan M. Belman-Flores & Juan M. Barroso-Maldonado & Ali Khosravi, 2021. "A Review of Recent Research on the Use of R1234yf as an Environmentally Friendly Fluid in the Organic Rankine Cycle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, May.
    8. Kazemi, Shabnam & Nor, Mohamad Iskandr Mohamad & Teoh, Wen Hui, 2020. "Thermodynamic and economic investigation of an ionic liquid as a new proposed geothermal fluid in different organic Rankine cycles for energy production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    9. Fu, Ben-Ran & Hsu, Sung-Wei & Liu, Chih-Hsi & Liu, Yu-Ching, 2014. "Statistical analysis of patent data relating to the organic Rankine cycle," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 986-994.
    10. Zhang, Ji & Hu, Xudong & Wu, Ding & Huang, Xiaohui & Wang, Xuehui & Yang, Yan & Wen, Chuang, 2023. "A comparative study on design and performance evaluation of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) under different two-phase heat transfer correlations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    11. Gao, Xiaoxin & Gu, Qiang & Ma, Jiangquan & Zeng, Yifan, 2018. "MVR heat pump distillation coupled with ORC process for separating a benzene-toluene mixture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 658-665.
    12. Chao Zhang & Jinglun Fu & Pengfei Yuan & Jianjun Liu, 2018. "Guidelines for Optimal Selection of Subcritical Low-Temperature Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle Configuration Considering Reinjection Temperature Limits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-18, October.
    13. Assareh, Ehsanolah & Kazemiani-Najafabadi, Parisa & Rad, Ehsan Amiri & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad, 2023. "Optimization of a trigeneration cooling, heating, and power system with low-temperature waste heat from 4E points of view," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    14. Rovira, Antonio & Muñoz, Marta & Sánchez, Consuelo & Martínez-Val, José María, 2015. "Proposal and study of a balanced hybrid Rankine–Brayton cycle for low-to-moderate temperature solar power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 305-317.
    15. Lund, Rasmus & Persson, Urban, 2016. "Mapping of potential heat sources for heat pumps for district heating in Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 129-138.
    16. Li, Zhouhang & Zhai, Yuling & Bi, Dapeng & Li, Kongzhai & Wang, Hua & Lu, Junfu, 2017. "Orientation effect in helical coils with smooth and rib-roughened wall: Toward improved gas heaters for supercritical carbon dioxide Rankine cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 530-545.
    17. Li, Jian & Hu, Shuozhuo & Yang, Fubin & Duan, Yuanyuan & Yang, Zhen, 2019. "Thermo-economic performance evaluation of emerging liquid-separated condensation method in single-pressure and dual-pressure evaporation organic Rankine cycle systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    18. Li, Jian & Ge, Zhong & Duan, Yuanyuan & Yang, Zhen, 2019. "Design and performance analyses for a novel organic Rankine cycle with supercritical-subcritical heat absorption process coupling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1400-1414.
    19. Su, Wen & Zhao, Li & Deng, Shuai, 2017. "Group contribution methods in thermodynamic cycles: Physical properties estimation of pure working fluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 984-1001.
    20. Sanjay Mukherjee & Abhishek Asthana & Martin Howarth & Jahedul Islam Chowdhury, 2020. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for the Food Processing Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-26, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:242:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221027778. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.