IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v221y2021ics0360544221001559.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Flexible control of nuclear cogeneration plants for balancing intermittent renewables

Author

Listed:
  • Dong, Zhe
  • Li, Bowen
  • Li, Junyi
  • Guo, Zhiwu
  • Huang, Xiaojin
  • Zhang, Yajun
  • Zhang, Zuoyi

Abstract

Both intermittent renewable energy (IRE) and nuclear fission energy can provide carbon-free electric power to the grid. The electric power generation from the intermittent renewable energy (IRE) sources such as the wind and solar are strongly dependent on the climatic conditions, geographical location and large land footprint. While, nuclear plants can provide consistent and clean power supply with small land footprint. Due to the strong complementarity between the IRE and nuclear, it is attractive to interconnect them to build nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems (NRHESs) which are defined as the integrated facilities comprised of nuclear reactors, renewable energy generation and industrial processes. The flexibility of a NRHES for grid balance can be provided by actively adjusting the electric power output of nuclear cogeneration plants (NCPs), which leads to the frequent redistribution of main steam flow to the turbine and cogeneration process. For the main steam redistribution, it is necessary to guarantee the stability of grid frequency and main steam pressure, which heavily relies on the flexible control strategy of NCPs. In this paper, a new flexible control of NCPs with saturated main steam is proposed based on the idea of actively suppressing the total disturbance to the dynamics of grid frequency and main steam pressure. The stabilization problems of pressure and frequency are transferred to the disturbance attenuation Problem of a second-order disturbed dynamical system, and an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is then originally proposed for system stabilization. This ADRC is applied to the flexible control of a NCP composed of a nuclear heating reactor (NHR), a turbine-generator set and a multi-effect-desalination and thermal-vapor-compression (MED-TVC) process for seawater desalination. Numerical simulation results in the cases of load stepping and maneuvering show that the flexibility of this NCP is satisfactory in balancing the grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Dong, Zhe & Li, Bowen & Li, Junyi & Guo, Zhiwu & Huang, Xiaojin & Zhang, Yajun & Zhang, Zuoyi, 2021. "Flexible control of nuclear cogeneration plants for balancing intermittent renewables," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:221:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221001559
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.119906
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221001559
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.119906?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Jia & Liu, Feng & Li, Zuyi & Shao, Chengcheng & Liu, Xinyuan, 2018. "Grid-side flexibility of power systems in integrating large-scale renewable generations: A critical review on concepts, formulations and solution approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 272-284.
    2. Wang, Zhu & Liu, Ming & Zhao, Yongliang & Wang, Chaoyang & Chong, Daotong & Yan, Junjie, 2020. "Flexibility and efficiency enhancement for double-reheat coal-fired power plants by control optimization considering boiler heat storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    3. Beiron, Johanna & Montañés, Rubén M. & Normann, Fredrik & Johnsson, Filip, 2020. "Combined heat and power operational modes for increased product flexibility in a waste incineration plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    4. Garcia, Humberto E. & Chen, Jun & Kim, Jong S. & Vilim, Richard B. & Binder, William R. & Bragg Sitton, Shannon M. & Boardman, Richard D. & McKellar, Michael G. & Paredis, Christiaan J.J., 2016. "Dynamic performance analysis of two regional Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 234-258.
    5. Zhao, Yongliang & Wang, Chaoyang & Liu, Ming & Chong, Daotong & Yan, Junjie, 2018. "Improving operational flexibility by regulating extraction steam of high-pressure heaters on a 660 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant: A dynamic simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1295-1309.
    6. Kan, Xiaoming & Hedenus, Fredrik & Reichenberg, Lina, 2020. "The cost of a future low-carbon electricity system without nuclear power – the case of Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    7. Guo, Zheyu & Zheng, Yanan & Li, Gengyin, 2020. "Power system flexibility quantitative evaluation based on improved universal generating function method: A case study of Zhangjiakou," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    8. Cany, Camille & Mansilla, Christine & da Costa, Pascal & Mathonnière, Gilles & Duquesnoy, Thierry & Baschwitz, Anne, 2016. "Nuclear and intermittent renewables: Two compatible supply options? The case of the French power mix," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 135-146.
    9. Kondziella, Hendrik & Bruckner, Thomas, 2016. "Flexibility requirements of renewable energy based electricity systems – a review of research results and methodologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 10-22.
    10. Dong, Zhe & Pan, Yifei & Zhang, Zuoyi & Dong, Yujie & Huang, Xiaojin, 2017. "Model-free adaptive control law for nuclear superheated-steam supply systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 53-67.
    11. Baker, T.E. & Epiney, A.S. & Rabiti, C. & Shittu, E., 2018. "Optimal sizing of flexible nuclear hybrid energy system components considering wind volatility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 498-508.
    12. Ding, Yi & Shao, Changzheng & Yan, Jinyue & Song, Yonghua & Zhang, Chi & Guo, Chuangxin, 2018. "Economical flexibility options for integrating fluctuating wind energy in power systems: The case of China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 426-436.
    13. Li, Gang & Wang, Xueqian & Liang, Bin & Li, Xiu & Zhang, Bo & Zou, Yu, 2016. "Modeling and control of nuclear reactor cores for electricity generation: A review of advanced technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 116-128.
    14. Höltinger, Stefan & Mikovits, Christian & Schmidt, Johannes & Baumgartner, Johann & Arheimer, Berit & Lindström, Göran & Wetterlund, Elisabeth, 2019. "The impact of climatic extreme events on the feasibility of fully renewable power systems: A case study for Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 695-713.
    15. Vithayasrichareon, Peerapat & Riesz, Jenny & MacGill, Iain, 2017. "Operational flexibility of future generation portfolios with high renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 32-41.
    16. Dong, Zhe & Pan, Yifei, 2018. "A lumped-parameter dynamical model of a nuclear heating reactor cogeneration plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 638-656.
    17. Lykidi, Maria & Gourdel, Pascal, 2017. "Optimal management of flexible nuclear power plants in a decarbonising competitive electricity market: The French case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 171-185.
    18. Alizadeh, M.I. & Parsa Moghaddam, M. & Amjady, N. & Siano, P. & Sheikh-El-Eslami, M.K., 2016. "Flexibility in future power systems with high renewable penetration: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1186-1193.
    19. Ye, Liang-Cheng & Lin, Hai Xiang & Tukker, Arnold, 2019. "Future scenarios of variable renewable energies and flexibility requirements for thermal power plants in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 708-714.
    20. Lund, Peter D. & Lindgren, Juuso & Mikkola, Jani & Salpakari, Jyri, 2015. "Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 785-807.
    21. Shropshire, David & Purvins, Arturs & Papaioannou, Ioulia & Maschio, Isabella, 2012. "Benefits and cost implications from integrating small flexible nuclear reactors with off-shore wind farms in a virtual power plant," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 558-573.
    22. Zhe Dong & Miao Liu & Di Jiang & Xiaojin Huang & Yajun Zhang & Zuoyi Zhang, 2018. "Automatic Generation Control of Nuclear Heating Reactor Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, October.
    23. Jenkins, J.D. & Zhou, Z. & Ponciroli, R. & Vilim, R.B. & Ganda, F. & de Sisternes, F. & Botterud, A., 2018. "The benefits of nuclear flexibility in power system operations with renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 872-884.
    24. Vandermeulen, Annelies & van der Heijde, Bram & Helsen, Lieve, 2018. "Controlling district heating and cooling networks to unlock flexibility: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 103-115.
    25. Dong, Zhe & Liu, Miao & Zhang, Zuoyi & Dong, Yujie & Huang, Xiaojin, 2019. "Automatic generation control for the flexible operation of multimodular high temperature gas-cooled reactor plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 11-31.
    26. Wang, Pengfei & Chen, Zhi & Liao, Longtao & Wan, Jiashuang & Wu, Shifa, 2020. "A multiple-model based internal model control method for power control of small pressurized water reactors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    27. Wu, Xiao & Wang, Meihong & Lee, Kwang Y., 2020. "Flexible operation of supercritical coal-fired power plant integrated with solvent-based CO2 capture through collaborative predictive control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    28. Khosravi, A. & Olkkonen, V. & Farsaei, A. & Syri, S., 2020. "Replacing hard coal with wind and nuclear power in Finland- impacts on electricity and district heating markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    29. Rämä, Miika & Leurent, Martin & Devezeaux de Lavergne, Jean-Guy, 2020. "Flexible nuclear co-generation plant combined with district heating and a large-scale heat storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhe Dong & Zhonghua Cheng & Yunlong Zhu & Xiaojin Huang & Yujie Dong & Zuoyi Zhang, 2023. "Review on the Recent Progress in Nuclear Plant Dynamical Modeling and Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Roman Davydov & Vadim Davydov & Nikita Myazin & Valentin Dudkin, 2022. "The Multifunctional Nuclear Magnetic Flowmeter for Control to the Consumption and Condition of Coolant in Nuclear Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Cui, Chengcheng & Zhang, Junli & Shen, Jiong, 2023. "System-level modeling, analysis and coordinated control design for the pressurized water reactor nuclear power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    4. Dong, Zhe & Cheng, Zhonghua & Zhu, Yunlong & Huang, Xiaojin & Dong, Yujie & Zhang, Zuoyi, 2023. "Coordinated control of mHTGR-based nuclear steam supply systems considering cold helium temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    5. Hou, Guolian & Huang, Ting & Huang, Congzhi, 2023. "Flexibility improvement of 1000 MW ultra-supercritical unit under full operating conditions by error-based ADRC and fast pigeon-inspired optimizer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    6. Dong, Zhe & Li, Bowen & Huang, Xiaojin & Dong, Yujie & Zhang, Zuoyi, 2022. "Power-pressure coordinated control of modular high temperature gas-cooled reactors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    7. Zhang, Ru & Qiu, Leilei & Sun, Peiwei & Wei, Xinyu, 2024. "Research on nuclear reactor power control system of VVER-1000 with thermal energy supply system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    8. Temiz, Mert & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2024. "Development of a hybridized small modular reactor and solar-based energy system for useful commodities required for sustainable cities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    9. Temiz, Mert & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2023. "Solar and sodium fast reactor-based integrated energy system developed with thermal energy storage and hydrogen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    10. Kang, Seong Woo & Yim, Man-Sung, 2023. "Coupled system model analysis for a small modular reactor cogeneration (combined heat and power) application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    11. Alhadhrami, Saeed & Soto, Gabriel J & Lindley, Ben, 2023. "Dispatch analysis of flexible power operation with multi-unit small modular reactors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dong, Zhe & Liu, Miao & Zhang, Zuoyi & Dong, Yujie & Huang, Xiaojin, 2019. "Automatic generation control for the flexible operation of multimodular high temperature gas-cooled reactor plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 11-31.
    2. Jiang, Di & Dong, Zhe, 2020. "Dynamic matrix control for thermal power of multi-modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    3. Zhe Dong & Miao Liu & Di Jiang & Xiaojin Huang & Yajun Zhang & Zuoyi Zhang, 2018. "Automatic Generation Control of Nuclear Heating Reactor Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Zhao, Yongliang & Liu, Ming & Wang, Chaoyang & Wang, Zhu & Chong, Daotong & Yan, Junjie, 2019. "Exergy analysis of the regulating measures of operational flexibility in supercritical coal-fired power plants during transient processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Harder, Nick & Qussous, Ramiz & Weidlich, Anke, 2020. "The cost of providing operational flexibility from distributed energy resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    6. Jun Zhao & Bo Shen, 2019. "The Strategies for Improving Energy Efficiency of Power System with Increasing Share of Wind Power in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-22, June.
    7. Lu, Nianci & Pan, Lei & Liu, Zhenxiang & Song, Yajun & Si, Paiyou, 2021. "Flexible operation control strategy for thermos-exchanger water level of two-by-one combined cycle gas turbine based on heat network storage utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    8. Kang, Seong Woo & Yim, Man-Sung, 2023. "Coupled system model analysis for a small modular reactor cogeneration (combined heat and power) application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    9. Jenkins, J.D. & Zhou, Z. & Ponciroli, R. & Vilim, R.B. & Ganda, F. & de Sisternes, F. & Botterud, A., 2018. "The benefits of nuclear flexibility in power system operations with renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 872-884.
    10. Cárdenas, Bruno & Ibanez, Roderaid & Rouse, James & Swinfen-Styles, Lawrie & Garvey, Seamus, 2023. "The effect of a nuclear baseload in a zero-carbon electricity system: An analysis for the UK," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 256-272.
    11. Teirilä, Juha, 2020. "The value of the nuclear power plant fleet in the German power market under the expansion of fluctuating renewables," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    12. Ricks, Wilson & Norbeck, Jack & Jenkins, Jesse, 2022. "The value of in-reservoir energy storage for flexible dispatch of geothermal power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    13. Heggarty, Thomas & Bourmaud, Jean-Yves & Girard, Robin & Kariniotakis, Georges, 2020. "Quantifying power system flexibility provision," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    14. Dong, Zhe & Liu, Miao & Guo, Zhiwu & Huang, Xiaojin & Zhang, Yajun & Zhang, Zuoyi, 2019. "Adaptive state-observer for monitoring flexible nuclear reactors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 893-909.
    15. Antonelli, Marco & Desideri, Umberto & Franco, Alessandro, 2018. "Effects of large scale penetration of renewables: The Italian case in the years 2008–2015," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 3090-3100.
    16. Hui, Jiuwu & Yuan, Jingqi, 2022. "Load following control of a pressurized water reactor via finite-time super-twisting sliding mode and extended state observer techniques," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    17. Ignacio Mauleón, 2020. "Economic Issues in Deep Low-Carbon Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-32, August.
    18. Neetzow, Paul, 2021. "The effects of power system flexibility on the efficient transition to renewable generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    19. Hui, Hengyu & Bao, Minglei & Ding, Yi & Song, Yonghua, 2022. "Exploring the integrated flexible region of distributed multi-energy systems with process industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    20. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Wickramasinghe, P.U. & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2019. "Redefining energy system flexibility for distributed energy system design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:221:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221001559. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.