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Pyrolysis of cashew nutshells: Characterization of products and energy balance

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  • Ábrego, Javier
  • Plaza, Daniel
  • Luño, Francisco
  • Atienza-Martínez, María
  • Gea, Gloria

Abstract

Cashew cultivation leads to the generation of large amounts of nutshells. In order to determine whether pyrolysis could be a suitable method for the valorization of this agricultural residue, cashew nutshells (CNS) from Burkina Faso were pyrolyzed in the temperature range between 400 and 600 °C in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The solid, liquid and gaseous fractions were quantified and characterized, with special focus on the solid product. Recovery of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was accomplished during pyrolysis separately from the pyrolysis liquid. Results suggest that, except for the aqueous fraction, all the products obtained from pyrolysis are suitable for fuel purposes, and that part of the CNSL can be recovered below 200 °C during the heating process. A preliminary energy balance of the process shows that burning the gases can provide the energy necessary for the process at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C.

Suggested Citation

  • Ábrego, Javier & Plaza, Daniel & Luño, Francisco & Atienza-Martínez, María & Gea, Gloria, 2018. "Pyrolysis of cashew nutshells: Characterization of products and energy balance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 72-80.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:158:y:2018:i:c:p:72-80
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Patel, Rajesh N. & Bandyopadhyay, Santanu & Ganesh, Anuradda, 2011. "Extraction of cardanol and phenol from bio-oils obtained through vacuum pyrolysis of biomass using supercritical fluid extraction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 1535-1542.
    2. Atienza-Martínez, María & Ábrego, Javier & Mastral, José Francisco & Ceamanos, Jesús & Gea, Gloria, 2018. "Energy and exergy analyses of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 723-735.
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