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Transient response of the flexible blade of horizontal-axis wind turbines in wind gusts and rapid yaw changes

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  • Ebrahimi, Abbas
  • Sekandari, Mahmood

Abstract

In this paper, the aeroelastic analysis of a large scale wind turbine rotor is performed with the aim of studying transient performance of turbine in extreme wind conditions, such as wind gusts and rapid yaw changes. The effect of the presence and/or lack of blade pitch control system on output power, rotor thrust, and blade deformation in sudden change of wind speed are investigated. The NREL 5 MW offshore wind turbine is used as the baseline case. In this regard, the modal approach is implemented for modeling the flexible blade structure with tension, bending and torsion degrees of freedom. The unsteady vortex lattice method is employed to obtain the aerodynamic loads. Moreover, the Lagrange equation is utilized to derive the governing dynamic equations and the yielded nonlinear system of equations is solved in time domain. Structure and aerodynamic models are validated by using standard cases. Wind turbine response to different scenarios for sudden change of wind speed and direction are investigated. The results show that the sudden change in wind speed leads to the emergence of overshoots (or undershoots) in output power as high as 40% (and 20%) for active pitch control case and nearly 25% and 20% gradual increment of thrust and tip deformations for inactive case. Time delay of recovering to the new steady-state output power is about 4 s (corresponding to one rotor revolution) and independent from the state of pitch control system. With sudden change of yaw angle, the turbine transient response gradually attains a new steady-state after a time delay of about 5 s. Moreover, results indicate that the output power and rotor thrust have a cyclical variation with the frequency of rotor rotation due to the asymmetric wake configuration.

Suggested Citation

  • Ebrahimi, Abbas & Sekandari, Mahmood, 2018. "Transient response of the flexible blade of horizontal-axis wind turbines in wind gusts and rapid yaw changes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 261-275.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:145:y:2018:i:c:p:261-275
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.115
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Derek Micheletto & Jens H. M. Fransson & Antonio Segalini, 2023. "Experimental Study of the Transient Behavior of a Wind Turbine Wake Following Yaw Actuation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, July.
    5. Rodriguez, Steven N. & Jaworski, Justin W., 2019. "Strongly-coupled aeroelastic free-vortex wake framework for floating offshore wind turbine rotors. Part 1: Numerical framework," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1127-1145.
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    7. Zhanpu Xue & Hao Zhang & Yunguang Ji, 2023. "Dynamic Response of a Flexible Multi-Body in Large Wind Turbines: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.
    8. Zheng, Peng & Qi, Lingfei & Sun, Mengdie & Luo, Dabing & Zhang, Zutao, 2021. "A novel wind energy harvesting system with hybrid mechanism for self-powered applications in subway tunnels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    9. Gilberto Santo & Mathijs Peeters & Wim Van Paepegem & Joris Degroote, 2020. "Fluid–Structure Interaction Simulations of a Wind Gust Impacting on the Blades of a Large Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-20, January.
    10. Wang, Xinbao & Cai, Chang & Cai, Shang-Gui & Wang, Tengyuan & Wang, Zekun & Song, Juanjuan & Rong, Xiaomin & Li, Qing'an, 2023. "A review of aerodynamic and wake characteristics of floating offshore wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    11. Xue, Zhanpu & Wang, Wei & Fang, Liqing & Zhou, Jingbo, 2020. "Numerical simulation on structural dynamics of 5 MW wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 222-233.
    12. Rezaeiha, Abdolrahim & Montazeri, Hamid & Blocken, Bert, 2019. "On the accuracy of turbulence models for CFD simulations of vertical axis wind turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 838-857.
    13. Cathal W. O’Donnell & Mahdi Ebrahimi Salari & Daniel J. Toal, 2021. "A Study on Directly Interconnected Offshore Wind Systems during Wind Gust Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Wang, Xinbao & Cai, Chang & Wu, Xianyou & Chen, Yewen & Wang, Tengyuan & Zhong, Xiaohui & Li, Qing'an, 2024. "Numerical validation of the dynamic aerodynamic similarity criterion for floating offshore wind turbines under equivalent pitch motions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    15. Wu, Zhenlong & Bangga, Galih & Cao, Yihua, 2019. "Effects of lateral wind gusts on vertical axis wind turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1212-1223.

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