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A comparison of CO2 mineral sequestration processes involving a dry or wet carbonation step

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  • Zevenhoven, Ron
  • Slotte, Martin
  • Åbacka, Jacob
  • Highfield, James

Abstract

CO2 mineral sequestration is one method of the CCUS (carbon capture, utilisation and storage) portfolio, and work on stepwise carbonation of serpentinites (serpentine-rich rock, 3MgO·2SiO2·2H2O) in Finland has resulted in what is known as “the ÅA (Åbo Akademi) route”. This involves extraction of magnesium from rock using ammonium sulphate salt, precipitation of magnesium hydroxide and finally carbonation in a high temperature pressurised fluidised bed. Besides magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) significant amounts of iron (hydr)oxides are produced. Disadvantages are the complexity and exergy consumption associated with alternating (hot/cold/hot) treatment conditions. Therefore, an alternative ÅA route has been developed that, like the conventional route, can operate directly on flue gas. Here, the final carbonation step is accomplished in an aqueous solution. Products are magnesium (hydrocarbonates), hydromagnesite (4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2), besides iron (hydr)oxides. Early results obtained with this route method are reported, along with a comparison (using process simulation) of the both routes, operating on flue gas from: 1) a lime kiln and 2) a natural gas fired power, addressing the external heat and power input requirements. It was found that conversion levels and rates are similar for the two routes, although excess NH3 may be needed to establish the working pH for hydromagnesite precipitation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zevenhoven, Ron & Slotte, Martin & Åbacka, Jacob & Highfield, James, 2016. "A comparison of CO2 mineral sequestration processes involving a dry or wet carbonation step," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 604-611.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:117:y:2016:i:p2:p:604-611
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.066
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Xiaolong & Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes, 2013. "Optimization of carbon dioxide capture and storage with mineralisation using recyclable ammonium salts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 431-438.
    2. Romão, Inês & Nduagu, Experience & Fagerlund, Johan & Gando-Ferreira, Licínio M. & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2012. "CO2 fixation using magnesium silicate minerals. Part 2: Energy efficiency and integration with iron-and steelmaking," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 203-211.
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    4. Ron Zevenhoven, 2014. "From CCS to CCUS and where to go next: the sky is the limit," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 4(4), pages 419-420, August.
    5. Nduagu, Experience & Romão, Inês & Fagerlund, Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2013. "Performance assessment of producing Mg(OH)2 for CO2 mineral sequestration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 116-126.
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    1. Puthiya Veetil, Sanoop Kumar & Rebane, Kaarel & Yörük, Can Rüstü & Lopp, Margus & Trikkel, Andres & Hitch, Michael, 2021. "Aqueous mineral carbonation of oil shale mine waste (limestone): A feasibility study to develop a CO2 capture sorbent," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    2. Baena-Moreno, Francisco M. & Rodríguez-Galán, Mónica & Vega, Fernando & Reina, T.R. & Vilches, Luis F. & Navarrete, Benito, 2019. "Converting CO2 from biogas and MgCl2 residues into valuable magnesium carbonate: A novel strategy for renewable energy production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 457-464.
    3. Naraharisetti, Pavan Kumar & Yeo, Tze Yuen & Bu, Jie, 2019. "New classification of CO2 mineralization processes and economic evaluation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 220-233.
    4. Rickard Erlund & Ron Zevenhoven, 2020. "Simulations on Design and System Performance of Building Heating Boosted by Thermal Energy Storage (TES) with Magnesium Hydro Carbonates/Silica Gel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Park, Sangwon & Song, Kyungsun & Jo, Hwanju, 2017. "Laboratory-scale experiment on a novel mineralization-based method of CO2 capture using alkaline solution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 589-598.
    6. Zevenhoven, Ron, 2021. "Engineering thermodynamics and sustainability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    7. Park, Sangwon, 2018. "CO2 reduction-conversion to precipitates and morphological control through the application of the mineral carbonation mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 413-421.
    8. Rickard Erlund & Ron Zevenhoven, 2018. "Hydration of Magnesium Carbonate in a Thermal Energy Storage Process and Its Heating Application Design," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    9. Nam, Hyungseok & Won, Yooseob & Kim, Jae-Young & Yi, Chang-Keun & Park, Young Cheol & Woo, Jae Min & Jung, Su-Yeong & Jin, Gyoung-Tae & Jo, Sung-Ho & Lee, Seung-Yong & Kim, Hyunuk & Park, Jaehyeon, 2020. "Hydrodynamics and heat transfer coefficients during CO2 carbonation reaction in a circulated fluidized bed reactor using 200 kg potassium-based dry sorbent," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).

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