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Performance assessment of producing Mg(OH)2 for CO2 mineral sequestration

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  • Nduagu, Experience
  • Romão, Inês
  • Fagerlund, Johan
  • Zevenhoven, Ron

Abstract

This study presents the energy and environmental performance assessment of producing magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) from Mg–silicates for CO2 mineral sequestration applied to a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant. Mg(OH)2 produced via a closed loop reaction of serpentinite and ammonium sulfate (AS), precipitation of Mg(OH)2 and AS looping/recovery binds CO2 into a thermodynamically stable, environmentally benign and leak-free magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). We used results from laboratory, modeling and life cycle assessment (LCA) studies to determine the extent to which magnesium (Mg) from serpentinite rock can be converted to Mg(OH)2, the effects of reaction parameters, scalability and the associated life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). We found that reaction temperature positively affects Mg extraction from serpentinite, reaching a maximum yield at different temperatures depending on the reaction time. Also, the reactor properties affect the extraction results as the optimal extraction yield and conditions reported for different reactors differ. While the process of producing Mg(OH)2 is promising, it also possesses a level of energy and environmental burden that cannot be ignored when considering large scale implementation. At 100% conversion and recovery of reagent, the CO2 mineralization process has a life cycle global warming potential (GWP) of 433kg CO2 equivalents per ton CO2 (CO2e/t-CO2). This value increases by 82, 7 and 0.4kg CO2e/t-CO2 for every %-point efficiency loss of AS recovery, Mg(OH)2 production and Mg(OH)2 carbonation respectively. Mineral sequestration applied to the 555MW NGCC plant reduces its net plant efficiency from 50.2% to 38.6%-points (an energy penalty of 30%) but avoids 51% of the GHG emissions to the atmosphere. The results from this study are timely, and could have significant implications on mineral sequestration methods that consider the exothermic nature of the overall mineral carbonation chemistry beneficial.

Suggested Citation

  • Nduagu, Experience & Romão, Inês & Fagerlund, Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2013. "Performance assessment of producing Mg(OH)2 for CO2 mineral sequestration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 116-126.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:106:y:2013:i:c:p:116-126
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.01.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Romão, Inês & Nduagu, Experience & Fagerlund, Johan & Gando-Ferreira, Licínio M. & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2012. "CO2 fixation using magnesium silicate minerals. Part 2: Energy efficiency and integration with iron-and steelmaking," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 203-211.
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    6. Ron Zevenhoven & Johan Fagerlund & Joel Kibiwot Songok, 2011. "CO 2 mineral sequestration: developments toward large‐scale application," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 1(1), pages 48-57, March.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Xie, Heping & Gao, Xiaolin & Liu, Tao & Chen, Bin & Wu, Yifan & Jiang, Wenchuan, 2020. "Electricity generation by a novel CO2 mineralization cell based on organic proton-coupled electron transfer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    3. Basavaraja, R.J. & Jayanti, S., 2015. "Viability of fuel switching of a gas-fired power plant operating in chemical looping combustion mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 213-221.
    4. Zevenhoven, Ron & Slotte, Martin & Åbacka, Jacob & Highfield, James, 2016. "A comparison of CO2 mineral sequestration processes involving a dry or wet carbonation step," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 604-611.
    5. Pan, Shu-Yuan & Lorente Lafuente, Ana Maria & Chiang, Pen-Chi, 2016. "Engineering, environmental and economic performance evaluation of high-gravity carbonation process for carbon capture and utilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 269-277.
    6. Park, Sangwon, 2018. "CO2 reduction-conversion to precipitates and morphological control through the application of the mineral carbonation mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 413-421.
    7. Xie, Heping & Liu, Tao & Wang, Yufei & Wu, Yifan & Wang, Fuhuan & Tang, Liang & Jiang, Wen & Liang, Bin, 2017. "Enhancement of electricity generation in CO2 mineralization cell by using sodium sulfate as the reaction medium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 991-999.
    8. Nduagu, E.I. & Gates, I.D., 2015. "Process analysis of a low emissions hydrogen and steam generation technology for oil sands operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 184-195.
    9. Hosseini, Tahereh & Haque, Nawshad & Selomulya, Cordelia & Zhang, Lian, 2016. "Mineral carbonation of Victorian brown coal fly ash using regenerative ammonium chloride – Process simulation and techno-economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 54-68.
    10. Zevenhoven, Ron & Virtanen, Mikael, 2017. "CO2 mineral sequestration integrated with water-gas shift reaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2484-2489.

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