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Does reliable electricity mean lesser agricultural labor wages? Evidence from Indian villages

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  • Nag, Suryadeepto

Abstract

Using a panel of 1,171 villages in rural India that were surveyed in the India Human Development Surveys, I perform a difference-in-differences analysis to find that improvements in electricity reliability have a negative effect on the increase in casual agricultural labor wage rates. Changes in men’s wage rates are found to be affected more adversely than women’s, resulting in a smaller widening of the gender wage gap. I find that better electricity reliability reduces the time spent by women in fuel collection substantially which could potentially increase labor supply. The demand for labor remains unaffected by reliability, which could lead the surplus in labor supply to cause wage rates to stunt. However, I show that electrical appliances such as groundwater pumps considerably increase labor demand indicating that governments could target increasing the adoption of electric pumps along with bettering the quality of electricity to absorb the surplus labor into agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Nag, Suryadeepto, 2024. "Does reliable electricity mean lesser agricultural labor wages? Evidence from Indian villages," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:190:y:2024:i:c:s030142152400171x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114151
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electricity reliability; Labor wages; South Asia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General

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