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Risk and protective factors for depression and substance use in an adolescent child welfare sample

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  • Guibord, Mélanie
  • Bell, Tessa
  • Romano, Elisa
  • Rouillard, Louise

Abstract

Research on the mental health needs of maltreated youth in out-of-home care remains limited. The goal of the current study was to examine two common mental health concerns (i.e., depression, substance use) among 122 12–15year olds in out-of-home placements. Specifically, we investigated potential risk and protective factors among socio-demographic, maltreatment, youth, family, and community variables. We relied on data collected through the AAR-C2, a Canadian needs assessment and outcome monitoring tool. Approximately 4 in 10 (39.2%) youth endorsed at least one mental health problem, which we defined as the youth scoring at least one standard deviation above the sample mean for the depression items and the youth indicating the presence of alcohol and/or substance use over the past year. Almost 1 in 10 (8.3%) reported struggling with both mental health issues. Results from logistic regressions indicated that adolescent females were at higher risk of experiencing depression than males, and increasing age was associated with increased risk for substance use. Turning to protective factors, results indicated that the greater the perceived quality of the youth–caregiver relationship, the lower the risk for mental health difficulties (i.e., depression, substance use). Moreover, participation in extracurricular activities appeared to protect youth against depression or substance use. Results imply that the youth–caregiver relationship and involvement in extracurricular activities are important areas to consider to promote the well-being of maltreated youth in out-of-home care.

Suggested Citation

  • Guibord, Mélanie & Bell, Tessa & Romano, Elisa & Rouillard, Louise, 2011. "Risk and protective factors for depression and substance use in an adolescent child welfare sample," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 2127-2137.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:33:y:2011:i:11:p:2127-2137
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.06.019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Legault, Louise & Anawati, Michelle & Flynn, Robert, 2006. "Factors favoring psychological resilience among fostered young people," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(9), pages 1024-1038, September.
    2. Hass, Michael & Graydon, Kelly, 2009. "Sources of resiliency among successful foster youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 457-463, April.
    3. Orton, Heather D. & Riggs, Paula D. & Libby, Anne M., 2009. "Prevalence and characteristics of depression and substance use in a U.S. child welfare sample," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 649-653, June.
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    2. Dillard, Rebecca & Beaujolais, Brieanne & Yoon, Susan & Wang, Xiafei & Shockley McCarthy, Karla & Pei, Fei, 2021. "Factors that inhibit and promote resilience following childhood maltreatment: A qualitative exploration of practitioner perspectives," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    3. Pittenger, Samantha L. & Moore, Kelly E. & Dworkin, Emily R. & Crusto, Cindy A. & Connell, Christian M., 2018. "Risk and protective factors for alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use among child welfare-involved youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 88-94.
    4. Changmin Yoo, 2018. "Longitudinal Relationship between Academic Stress and Bonding Social Capital: Risk and Protective Roles of ‘Bonding Social Capital and Academic Stress’ According to Specific Situations in South Korean," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 11(1), pages 245-261, February.
    5. Tlapek, Sarah Myers & Auslander, Wendy & Edmond, Tonya & Gerke, Donald & Voth Schrag, Rachel & Threlfall, Jennifer, 2017. "The moderating role of resiliency on the negative effects of childhood abuse for adolescent girls involved in child welfare," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 437-444.
    6. Zhan, Weihai & Smith, Susan R. & Warner, Lynette C. & North, Fred & Wilhelm, Sara, 2016. "Cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents in foster family homes," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 151-157.
    7. Cullen, Greggory J., 2023. "Examining the risk and predictive factors for substance use and mental health among indigenous youth in out-of-home care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    8. Huang, Cindy Y. & Bory, Christopher T. & Caron, Colleen & Tebes, Jacob Kraemer & Connell, Christian M., 2014. "Relationship of risk assessment to placement characteristics in a statewide child welfare population," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 85-90.

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