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New member of micro power sources for extreme environmental explorations: X-ray-voltaic batteries

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  • Zhao, Yingying
  • Zhao, Chen
  • Li, Haibin
  • Ren, Jiwei
  • Zhou, Shuxing
  • Zhao, Yiying

Abstract

It has been a long-term challenge for radiation-voltaics to meet the power requirements of the fast-developed exploration activities in extreme environments such as deep sea, polar regions, and outer space. In this work, we demonstrated novel X-ray radiation-voltaic (X-ray-voltaic) batteries adopting SiC conversion units, which could improve the output power up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of state-of-the-art betavoltaics. A comprehensive model integrating the radioactive sources and semiconductor units was built to guide the design of X-ray voltaics. SiC devices with the optimal structure were fabricated and confirmed experimentally the accuracy of the device model. According to the model, the SiC X-ray-voltaics with 55Fe radioactive sources can achieve a highest output power of 19.10 μW/cm2 and a highest power efficiency (ηtotal) of 7.71%. The unique advantages of SiC X-ray-voltaic batteries including the excellent irradiation hardness, the superlong lifetime, and the outstanding prospects as power sources were discussed in details. This work reveals the promising potentials of the X-ray-voltaics for extreme environmental explorations and will inspire the further development of the high-performance isotope batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao, Yingying & Zhao, Chen & Li, Haibin & Ren, Jiwei & Zhou, Shuxing & Zhao, Yiying, 2024. "New member of micro power sources for extreme environmental explorations: X-ray-voltaic batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:353:y:2024:i:pb:s0306261923014678
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122103
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Kai & Tang, Xiaobin & Liu, Yunpeng & Xu, Zhiheng & Yuan, Zicheng & Ji, Dongxiao & Ramakrishna, Seeram, 2020. "Experimental optimization of small–scale structure–adjustable radioisotope thermoelectric generators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
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    3. Dash, P.K. & Rekha Pattnaik, Smruti & N.V.D.V. Prasad, Eluri & Bisoi, Ranjeeta, 2023. "Detection and classification of DC and feeder faults in DC microgrid using new morphological operators with multi class AdaBoost algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    4. Chaojiang Niu & Hongkyung Lee & Shuru Chen & Qiuyan Li & Jason Du & Wu Xu & Ji-Guang Zhang & M. Stanley Whittingham & Jie Xiao & Jun Liu, 2019. "High-energy lithium metal pouch cells with limited anode swelling and long stable cycles," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 4(7), pages 551-559, July.
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