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Dynamic thermal modeling of the refrigerated liquified CO2 tanker in carbon capture, utilization, and storage chain: A truck transport case study

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  • Golrokh Sani, Ahmad
  • Najafi, Hamidreza
  • Azimi, Seyedeh Shakiba

Abstract

Proper estimation of the energy consumption of tanker-based methods for the storage and transport of liquified CO2 gas is a major concern in the techno-economic analysis and selection between the existing technologies within the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. In this study, the dynamic thermal modeling of a liquified CO2 insulated-body tanker truck equipped with a refrigeration unit is presented to simulate the transient thermal performance of the tanker truck during a typical long-distance delivery mission. The main purpose of this research is to provide a more precise estimation of the heat leak quantity to the tanker, pressure build-up, and the refrigeration cooling demand and energy consumption. A two-way coupled set of unsteady-state differential equations are established on the participating elements included in the non-equilibrium thermal system of the tanker and refrigeration unit. The dynamic variations of ambient condition parameters, including the ambient temperature, solar radiation levels, degree of cloudiness, and wind velocity are incorporated into the model based on the annual average meteorological data in three modes of ambient conditions: the warmest week, a moderate week, and the coldest week of the year. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of the liquid and gas phase CO2 inside the vessel is also implemented in order to determine the required heat transfer coefficients used in the model. According to the modeling results, the average vessel inward heat leak changes from 11.08 W/m2 in the warmest week of the year to 8.18 W/m2 and 5.11 W/m2 for a moderate and the coldest week, respectively, with 26.17 % and 53.88 % decrease. On the other hand, the refrigeration coefficient of performance (COP) is improved from 1.10 in the warmest week to 1.23 and 1.36 in a moderate and the coldest week, respectively, by 11.82 % and 23.63 % increase. As a measure of energy consumption of the refrigerated CO2 tanker truck at different ambient conditions, the average compressor power consumption changes from 56 W/m3CO2 in the warmest week of the year to 41 W/m3CO2 and 28 W/m3CO2 in a moderate and the coldest week, respectively, with 26.78 % and 50.00 % decrease. The novel modeling approach proposed in this study could also be used to study various design aspects of the refrigerated CO2 transport and storage tankers.

Suggested Citation

  • Golrokh Sani, Ahmad & Najafi, Hamidreza & Azimi, Seyedeh Shakiba, 2022. "Dynamic thermal modeling of the refrigerated liquified CO2 tanker in carbon capture, utilization, and storage chain: A truck transport case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:326:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922012478
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119990
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