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Assessment of offloading pathways for wind-powered offshore hydrogen production: Energy and economic analysis

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  • Franco, Brais Armiño
  • Baptista, Patrícia
  • Neto, Rui Costa
  • Ganilha, Sofia

Abstract

Coupling offshore wind with hydrogen production can leverage the growth of both technologies due to synergies related to high capacity factors and the possibility of taking wind farms to areas where it would be impossible if these had to be connected to land. This work studies the competitiveness of different pathways of exporting hydrogen from offshore production plants, with special focus on the offloading to export hydrogen (pure hydrogen or hydrogen carriers) to land. This analysis relies on a techno-economic assessment of these pathways, including the determination of their levelized cost of hydrogen, the net present value and their energy expenditure. Among the studied pathways, the use of pipelines to transport hydrogen presents as the best solution, providing a levelized cost of hydrogen of 5.35€/kgH2 for the baseline case, with the potential of being as low as 2.17€/kgH2 if the EU support to hydrogen deployment achieves its targets. The energy requirement for this pathway is 0.46 MWh/MWhH2 (of lower heating value), being one of the less energy intensive methods. Another key insight of this work is that the commercialization of produced oxygen improves greatly the viability of the project, increasing the net present value by more than 150 M€ without major added complexities in the infrastructure. Also, a sensitivity analysis is performed to different variables (electrolyzer cost, capacity factor, electrolyzer system efficiency, plant distance to shore and the levelized cost of electricity) showing that the levelized cost of hydrogen is very dependent on the electricity and electrolyzer costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Franco, Brais Armiño & Baptista, Patrícia & Neto, Rui Costa & Ganilha, Sofia, 2021. "Assessment of offloading pathways for wind-powered offshore hydrogen production: Energy and economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:286:y:2021:i:c:s030626192100101x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116553
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Marek Jaszczur & Qusay Hassan & Aws Zuhair Sameen & Hayder M. Salman & Olushola Tomilayo Olapade & Szymon Wieteska, 2023. "Massive Green Hydrogen Production Using Solar and Wind Energy: Comparison between Europe and the Middle East," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-26, July.
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    7. Abdulrahman Joubi & Yutaro Akimoto & Keiichi Okajima, 2022. "A Production and Delivery Model of Hydrogen from Solar Thermal Energy in the United Arab Emirates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, May.
    8. Rezaei, Mostafa & Akimov, Alexandr & Gray, Evan Mac A., 2024. "Techno-economics of offshore wind-based dynamic hydrogen production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 374(C).
    9. Calado, Goncalo & Castro, Rui & Pires, A.J. & Marques, Miguel J., 2024. "Assessment of hydrogen-based solutions associated to offshore wind farms: The case of the Iberian Peninsula," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    10. Sleiti, Ahmad K. & Al-Ammari, Wahib A. & Musharavati, Farayi, 2024. "Novel integrated system for power, hydrogen, and ammonia production using direct oxy-combustion sCO2 power cycle with automatic CO2 capture, water electrolyzer, and Haber-Bosch process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    11. Hailun Xie & Lars Johanning, 2023. "A Hierarchical Met-Ocean Data Selection Model for Fast O&M Simulation in Offshore Renewable Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, February.
    12. Wiegner, J.F. & Andreasson, L.M. & Kusters, J.E.H. & Nienhuis, R.M., 2024. "Interdisciplinary perspectives on offshore energy system integration in the North Sea: A systematic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    13. Zheng, Yi & You, Shi & Huang, Chunjun & Jin, Xin, 2023. "Model-based economic analysis of off-grid wind/hydrogen systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    14. Jan F. Wiegner & Madeleine Gibescu & Matteo Gazzani, 2024. "Unleashing the full potential of the North Sea -- Identifying key energy infrastructure synergies for 2030 and 2040," Papers 2411.00540, arXiv.org.
    15. Golrokh Sani, Ahmad & Najafi, Hamidreza & Azimi, Seyedeh Shakiba, 2022. "Dynamic thermal modeling of the refrigerated liquified CO2 tanker in carbon capture, utilization, and storage chain: A truck transport case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    16. Zheng, Nan & Zhang, Hanfei & Duan, Liqiang & Wang, Qiushi & Bischi, Aldo & Desideri, Umberto, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis of a novel solar-driven PEMEC-SOFC-based multi-generation system coupled parabolic trough photovoltaic thermal collector and thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    17. Ibrahim, Omar S. & Singlitico, Alessandro & Proskovics, Roberts & McDonagh, Shane & Desmond, Cian & Murphy, Jerry D., 2022. "Dedicated large-scale floating offshore wind to hydrogen: Assessing design variables in proposed typologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    18. Youngkyun Seo & Jiyoung An & Eunyoung Park & Jintae Kim & Meangik Cho & Seongjong Han & Jinkwang Lee, 2024. "Technical–Economic Analysis for Ammonia Ocean Transportation Using an Ammonia-Fueled Carrier," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-16, January.

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