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Two-Stage stochastic optimization for operating a Renewable-Based Microgrid

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  • Abunima, Hamza
  • Park, Woan-Ho
  • Glick, Mark B.
  • Kim, Yun-Su

Abstract

Carbon emissions are increasing as a result of urbanization and population growth all over the world. Scientists agree that these emissions are one of the main causes of climate change and global warming. The power industry is shifting to renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar power (PV) and employing different Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to enable a clean energy future and compensate for the scarcity of fossil fuel. However, the intermittent behaviour of renewable resources causes some obstacles such as power fluctuation, committing extra reserve units, and load shedding. Microgrid (MG) technology is introduced as a promising solution for integrating different RES and loads into the grid. Operating the MG in islanded mode with a limited ESS capacity requires a sophisticated scheduling method. Previous studies on MG addressed the operation issue, neglecting the supply–demand uncertainty or adopting the worst-case scenario. Uncertainty is an inherent characteristic in power systems; on the other hand, considering the worst-case scenario may unnecessarily increase the operation and planning costs. To address the uncertainty and fluctuant characteristics of RES-based MG, this paper proposes a two-stage stochastic optimization integrated with a novel ANN-based prediction model. A new model for PV power prediction is proposed by which the predicted data is in a probability density function (PDF) form. A stochastic optimization (SO) method is proposed to minimize the operation cost and load shedding during the islanding mode. In the proposed SO, the optimal scheduling decision is made in the current moment taking into account the probability of potential supply, load, and ESS capacities in the near future. For this purpose, an ANN-based prediction model is developed to represent the PV output uncertainty in the SO problem. The proposed prediction model proves efficient in the prediction with nRMSE of 9.7% and nMAE of 9.1%. The proposed method is applied to a real Microgrid designed by the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (NELHA) and compared to a conventional optimization method. The proposed scheduling method reduces both the average Energy Not Supplied (ENS) and operation costs by 19.4% and 18.8%, respectively, with no additional investment cost. A sensitivity study is also conducted to assess the performance of the proposed method in terms of ENS, cost, and simulation time.

Suggested Citation

  • Abunima, Hamza & Park, Woan-Ho & Glick, Mark B. & Kim, Yun-Su, 2022. "Two-Stage stochastic optimization for operating a Renewable-Based Microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:325:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922011163
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119848
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Wang, Yijian & Cui, Yang & Li, Yang & Xu, Yang, 2023. "Collaborative optimization of multi-microgrids system with shared energy storage based on multi-agent stochastic game and reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    3. Zhu, Yansong & Liu, Jizhen & Hu, Yong & Xie, Yan & Zeng, Deliang & Li, Ruilian, 2024. "Distributionally robust optimization model considering deep peak shaving and uncertainty of renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    4. Tom Savage & Antonio del Rio Chanona & Gbemi Oluleye, 2023. "Robust Market Potential Assessment: Designing optimal policies for low-carbon technology adoption in an increasingly uncertain world," Papers 2304.10203, arXiv.org.
    5. Silva-Rodriguez, Lina & Sanjab, Anibal & Fumagalli, Elena & Gibescu, Madeleine, 2024. "Light robust co-optimization of energy and reserves in the day-ahead electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    6. Tan, Bifei & Lin, Zhenjia & Zheng, Xiaodong & Xiao, Fu & Wu, Qiuwei & Yan, Jinyue, 2023. "Distributionally robust energy management for multi-microgrids with grid-interactive EVs considering the multi-period coupling effect of user behaviors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    7. Carvalho, Diego B. & Bortoni, Edson da C., 2024. "Proposed model with weighted parameters for microgrid management: Incorporating diverse load profiles, assorted tariff policies, and energy storage devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    8. Feifeng Zheng & Kezheng Chen & Ming Liu, 2023. "Optimization of Communication Base Station Battery Configuration Considering Demand Transfer and Sleep Mechanism under Uncertain Interruption Duration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-18, December.
    9. Tan, Mao & Li, Zibin & Su, Yongxin & Ren, Yuling & Wang, Ling & Wang, Rui, 2024. "Dual time-scale robust optimization for energy management of distributed energy community considering source-load uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    10. Erdal Irmak & Ersan Kabalci & Yasin Kabalci, 2023. "Digital Transformation of Microgrids: A Review of Design, Operation, Optimization, and Cybersecurity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-58, June.

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