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Electrical power production of thermally regenerative ammonia-based batteries using reduced graphene oxide modified Ni foam composite electrodes

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Listed:
  • Shi, Yu
  • An, Yichao
  • Tang, Zhiqiang
  • Zhang, Liang
  • Li, Jun
  • Fu, Qian
  • Zhu, Xun
  • Liao, Qiang

Abstract

Developing appropriate composite electrodes with a large surface area and stable structure for improving the performance of thermally regenerative ammonia-based batteries (TRABs) is extremely important. In this work, reduced graphene modified Cu/Ni composite electrodes (Cu-rGONF) are proposed for TRABs to increase power generation performance. It is demonstrated that this Cu-rGONF has a sizeable specific electrode area, porous surface and high conductivity, which are beneficial for the Cu2+ electrodeposition on the cathode and Cu stripping from the anode, thereby an improvement in the performance of TRAB. And for full batteries, the maximum power using Cu-rGONF is 8.9 mW, which is 52.8 % higher than that of TRAB with Cu/Ni composite electrodes. Moreover, the output energy density of TRAB with Cu-rGONF is 320 Wh/m−3(−|-); correspondingly, the thermal energy efficiency is 0.4 % (relative Carnot efficiency is 4.9 %). In addition, the maximum power density can be further improved to 13.3 mW by increasing the flow rates to 15 mL min−1 because of the enhancement of mass transfer. This indicates that Cu-rGONF is likely a suitable choice for optimizing TRABs.

Suggested Citation

  • Shi, Yu & An, Yichao & Tang, Zhiqiang & Zhang, Liang & Li, Jun & Fu, Qian & Zhu, Xun & Liao, Qiang, 2022. "Electrical power production of thermally regenerative ammonia-based batteries using reduced graphene oxide modified Ni foam composite electrodes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:326:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922012235
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119966
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lu, Hongyou & Price, Lynn & Zhang, Qi, 2016. "Capturing the invisible resource: Analysis of waste heat potential in Chinese industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 497-511.
    2. Shi, Yu & Zhang, Liang & Li, Jun & Fu, Qian & Zhu, Xun & Liao, Qiang & Zhang, Yongsheng, 2020. "Cu/Ni composite electrodes for increased anodic coulombic efficiency and electrode operation time in a thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery for converting low-grade waste heat into electricity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 162-171.
    3. Wang, Rui & Li, Yinshi & Wang, Yanning & Fang, Zhou, 2020. "Phosphorus-doped graphite felt allowing stabilized electrochemical interface and hierarchical pore structure for redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    4. Steven Chu & Arun Majumdar, 2012. "Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future," Nature, Nature, vol. 488(7411), pages 294-303, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cross, Nicholas R. & Rau, Matthew J. & Lvov, Serguei N. & Gorski, Christopher A. & Logan, Bruce E. & Hall, Derek M., 2023. "System efficiency and power assessment of the all-aqueous copper thermally regenerative ammonia battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    2. An, Yichao & Zhang, Yongsheng & Shi, Yu & Zhang, Liang & Li, Jun & Fu, Qian & Zhu, Xun & Liao, Qiang, 2023. "Alleviated ammonia crossover in thermally regenerative ammonia-based batteries by optimizing the introduced intermediate-chamber," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    3. Shi, Yu & Li, Dong & An, Yichao & Zhang, Liang & Li, Jun & Fu, Qian & Zhu, Xun & Liao, Qiang, 2023. "Power generation enhancement of a membrane-free thermally regenerative battery induced by the density difference of electrolytes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).

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