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A metal hydride air-conditioning system for fuel cell vehicles – Functional demonstration

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  • Weckerle, C.
  • Nasir, M.
  • Hegner, R.
  • Bürger, I.
  • Linder, M.

Abstract

High pressure storage of hydrogen is the established storage technology for automotive systems. However, around 15% of the lower heating value of hydrogen is spent to compress hydrogen up to the pressure of 700 bar. Since this energy is available on board but so far wasted, an open air-conditioning system based on metal hydrides is promising to reutilize this compression work. Here we present the experimental demonstration of a first of its kind system. The setup consists of two alternately operating plate reactors, each filled with around 1.5 kg of Hydralloy C2 (Ti0.98Zr0.02V0.41Fe0.09Cr0.05Mn1.46), coupled to a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The demonstration at an electrical power of 5 kW shows that the fuel cell operation is not affected by the alternately H2 desorbing reactors (half-cycle duration of 150 s). The system’s average cooling power was 662 W for an ambient temperature of 30 °C and a cooling temperature of 20 °C, reaching of specific cooling power of 227WkgMH-1. Related to the maximum obtainable cooling power of 18.3% of the electrical fuel cell power, the cooling efficiency corresponds to 75%. As an innovative hydrogen pressure transducer the presented system can be transferred to all applications where an unused hydrogen pressure difference is available.

Suggested Citation

  • Weckerle, C. & Nasir, M. & Hegner, R. & Bürger, I. & Linder, M., 2020. "A metal hydride air-conditioning system for fuel cell vehicles – Functional demonstration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:259:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919318744
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114187
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kotowicz, Janusz & Uchman, Wojciech & Jurczyk, Michał & Sekret, Robert, 2023. "Evaluation of the potential for distributed generation of green hydrogen using metal-hydride storage methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    2. Christoph Weckerle & Marius Dörr & Marc Linder & Inga Bürger, 2020. "A Compact Thermally Driven Cooling System Based on Metal Hydrides," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-23, May.
    3. Singer, Gerald & Köll, Rebekka & Aichhorn, Lukas & Pertl, Patrick & Trattner, Alexander, 2023. "Utilizing hydrogen pressure energy by expansion machines – PEM fuel cells in mobile and other potential applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    4. Xie, Peng & Jin, Lu & Qiao, Geng & Lin, Cheng & Barreneche, Camila & Ding, Yulong, 2022. "Thermal energy storage for electric vehicles at low temperatures: Concepts, systems, devices and materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    5. Tong-Bou Chang & Jer-Jia Sheu & Jhong-Wei Huang, 2020. "High-Efficiency HVAC System with Defog/Dehumidification Function for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Mousavi, Shadi Bashiri & Ahmadi, Pouria & Raeesi, Mehrdad, 2024. "Performance evaluation of a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell/battery bus with fuel cell degradation and battery aging," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    7. Kölbig, M. & Weckerle, C. & Linder, M. & Bürger, I., 2022. "Review on thermal applications for metal hydrides in fuel cell vehicles: Operation modes, recent developments and crucial design aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    8. Wu, Wei & Zhai, Chong & Sui, Zengguang & Sui, Yunren & Luo, Xianglong, 2021. "Proton exchange membrane fuel cell integrated with microchannel membrane-based absorption cooling for hydrogen vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 560-573.
    9. Sreeraj, R. & Aadhithiyan, A.K. & Anbarasu, S., 2022. "Comparison, advancement, and performance evaluation of heat exchanger assembly in solid-state hydrogen storage device," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 667-678.
    10. Kölbig, Mila & Bürger, Inga & Linder, Marc, 2021. "Thermal applications in vehicles using Hydralloy C5 in single and coupled metal hydride systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    11. Malleswararao, K. & Aswin, N. & Srinivasa Murthy, S. & Dutta, Pradip, 2022. "Studies on long-term and buffer modes of operations of a thermal energy storage system using coupled metal hydrides," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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