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Review of applications and developments of ultra-thin micro heat pipes for electronic cooling

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  • Tang, Heng
  • Tang, Yong
  • Wan, Zhenping
  • Li, Jie
  • Yuan, Wei
  • Lu, Longsheng
  • Li, Yong
  • Tang, Kairui

Abstract

The development of miniaturization and high-density packaging of electronic components demands heat dissipation components that are compact and exhibit high performance. An ultra-thin micro heat pipe (UTHP), as a novel heat pipe with a flat shape that is highly suitable for application with high power and limited heat dissipation space, has been extensively investigated and widely used in mobile electronics. Understanding the influence of the manufacturing processes, capillary wick structures and flattened thickness on the thermal performance of UTHPs has been the aim of numerous studies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent developments and applications of UTHPs for thermal management of electronics. The different types and applications of UTHPs are introduced, and the packaging technologies of UTHPs are summarized and compared. Furthermore, the fabrication methodology and heat transfer characteristics of various wick structures used for UTHPs are reviewed and analysed in detail. Finally, the challenges affecting the development and application of UTHPs are outlined, and recommendations for future research are presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Tang, Heng & Tang, Yong & Wan, Zhenping & Li, Jie & Yuan, Wei & Lu, Longsheng & Li, Yong & Tang, Kairui, 2018. "Review of applications and developments of ultra-thin micro heat pipes for electronic cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 383-400.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:223:y:2018:i:c:p:383-400
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.072
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Yuqi Han & Weilin Zhuge & Jie Peng & Yuping Qian & Yangjun Zhang, 2023. "Numerical Investigation on Internal Structures of Ultra-Thin Heat Pipes for PEM Fuel Cells Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, January.
    8. Yongle Tang & Xuewei Zhang & Zhichun Liu, 2023. "Experimental Study on the Thermal Performance of Flat Loop Heat Pipe Applied in Data Center Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-21, June.
    9. Rakshith, Bairi Levi & Asirvatham, Lazarus Godson & Angeline, Appadurai Anitha & Manova, Stephen & Bose, Jefferson Raja & Selvin Raj, J Perinba & Mahian, Omid & Wongwises, Somchai, 2022. "Cooling of high heat flux miniaturized electronic devices using thermal ground plane: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    10. Xu, Yanyan & Xue, Yanqin & Qi, Hong & Cai, Weihua, 2021. "An updated review on working fluids, operation mechanisms, and applications of pulsating heat pipes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    11. Zhao, Jing & Cheng, Xinxuan & Zhou, Caiting & Gan, Lang & Chen, Kang & Chen, Chao & Jian, Qifei, 2024. "Effect of vapor chamber on thermo-electrical characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    12. Haofan Mu & Weixiu Shi, 2024. "Review of Operation Performance and Application Status of Pulsating Heat Pipe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-24, March.
    13. Zhou, Guohui & Li, Ji & Jia, Zizhou, 2019. "Power-saving exploration for high-end ultra-slim laptop computers with miniature loop heat pipe cooling module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 859-875.
    14. Qin, Siyu & Ji, Ruiyang & Miao, Chengyu & Jin, Liwen & Yang, Chun & Meng, Xiangzhao, 2024. "Review of enhancing boiling and condensation heat transfer: Surface modification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    15. Yi Wan & Jiajie Qian & Yuefeng Zhu & Hui Xu & Jingyuan Wang & Ying Gao & Junjie Ma & Yibao Kan & Tianrui Song & Hong Zhang, 2024. "Experimental Study of Composite Heat Pipe Radiator in Thermal Management of Electronic Components," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
    16. Chen, Gong & Yan, Caiman & Yin, Shubin & Tang, Yong & Yuan, Wei & Zhang, Shiwei, 2024. "Vapor-liquid coplanar structure enables high thermal conductive and extremely ultrathin vapor chamber," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    17. Zhang, Shiwei & Chen, Jieling & Sun, Yalong & Li, Jie & Zeng, Jian & Yuan, Wei & Tang, Yong, 2019. "Experimental study on the thermal performance of a novel ultra-thin aluminum flat heat pipe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1133-1143.
    18. Rashidi, Saman & Hormozi, Faramarz & Sundén, Bengt & Mahian, Omid, 2019. "Energy saving in thermal energy systems using dimpled surface technology – A review on mechanisms and applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1491-1547.
    19. Wang, Xinyue & Liu, Yang & Tian, Tong & Li, Ji, 2022. "Directly air-cooled compact looped heat pipe module for high power servers with extremely low power usage effectiveness," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    20. Dai, Renkun & Li, Wei & Mostaghimi, Javad & Wang, Qiuwang & Zeng, Min, 2020. "On the optimal heat source location of partially heated energy storage process using the newly developed simplified enthalpy based lattice Boltzmann method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    21. Xia, Yang & Chen, Li & Luo, Jiwang & Tao, Wenquan, 2023. "Numerical investigation of microchannel heat sinks with different inlets and outlets based on topology optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
    22. Salmon, F. & Ghadim, H. Benisi & Godin, A. & Haillot, D. & Veillere, A. & Lacanette, D. & Duquesne, M., 2024. "Optimizing performance for cooling electronic components using innovative heterogeneous materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).
    23. Yuming Xiang & Yonghua Sun & Guolin Li & Xiangjuan Liu & Lin Liu & Fangwei Zhao & Xibing Li, 2024. "Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Ultra-Thin Micro-Heat Pipes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-14, July.

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