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Evaluation the potential and energy efficiency of dual stage pressure retarded osmosis process

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  • Altaee, Ali
  • Zaragoza, Guillermo
  • Drioli, Enrico
  • Zhou, John

Abstract

Power generation by means of Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) has been proposed for harvesting the energy of a salinity gradient. Energy recovery by the PRO process decreases along the membrane module due to depleting of the chemical potential across the membrane and concentration polarization effects. A dual stage PRO (DSPRO) design can be used to rejuvenate the chemical potential difference and reduce the concentration polarization on feed solution. Several design configurations were suggested for the membrane module arrangements in the first and second stage of the PRO process. PRO performance was evaluated for a number of salinity gradients proposed by coupling Dead Sea water or Reverse Osmosis (RO) brine with seawater or wastewater effluent. Maximum specific energy of inlet and outlet feeds was calculated using a developed computer model to identify the amount of recovered and remaining energy. Initially, specific power generation by the PRO process increased by increasing the number of modules of the first stage. Maximum specific energy is calculated along the PRO module to understand the degradation of the maximum specific energy in each module before introducing a second stage PRO process. Adding a second stage PRO process resulted in a sharp increase of the chemical potential difference and the specific energy yield of the process. Between 10% and 13% increase of the specific power generation was achieved by the DSPRO process for the Dead Sea-seawater salinity gradient depending on the dual stage design configuration. For Dead Sea-RO brine, 12–16% increase of the specific power generation was achieved by the dual stage PRO process. For Dead Sea-wastewater and RO brine-wastewater, a neutral and sometimes negative impact occurred when a second stage PRO process was introduced. We concluded that, for a given draw solution concentration, dual stage performs better than the conventional PRO process at high feed salinities, yet requires lower hydraulic pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Altaee, Ali & Zaragoza, Guillermo & Drioli, Enrico & Zhou, John, 2017. "Evaluation the potential and energy efficiency of dual stage pressure retarded osmosis process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 359-369.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:199:y:2017:i:c:p:359-369
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maisonneuve, Jonathan & Laflamme, Claude B. & Pillay, Pragasen, 2016. "Experimental investigation of pressure retarded osmosis for renewable energy conversion: Towards increased net power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 425-435.
    2. Altaee, Ali & Palenzuela, Patricia & Zaragoza, Guillermo & AlAnezi, Adnan Alhathal, 2017. "Single and dual stage closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis for power generation: Feasibility and performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 328-345.
    3. Farrell, Eanna & Hassan, Mohamed I. & Tufa, Ramato A. & Tuomiranta, Arttu & Avci, Ahmet H. & Politano, Antonio & Curcio, Efrem & Arafat, Hassan A., 2017. "Reverse electrodialysis powered greenhouse concept for water- and energy-self-sufficient agriculture," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 390-409.
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    1. Altaee, Ali & Zhou, John & Alhathal Alanezi, Adnan & Zaragoza, Guillermo, 2017. "Pressure retarded osmosis process for power generation: Feasibility, energy balance and controlling parameters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 303-311.
    2. Manzoor, Husnain & Selam, Muaz A. & Abdur Rahman, Fahim Bin & Adham, Samer & Castier, Marcelo & Abdel-Wahab, Ahmed, 2020. "A tool for assessing the scalability of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) membranes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 987-999.
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    5. Wang, Yu & Luo, Shirui & Guo, Jiaji & Liu, Ming & Wang, Jinshi & Yan, Junjie & Luo, Tengfei, 2020. "LIS-PRO: A new concept of power generation from low temperature heat using liquid-phase ion-stripping-induced salinity gradient," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    6. Touati, Khaled & Rahaman, Md. Saifur, 2020. "Viability of pressure-retarded osmosis for harvesting energy from salinity gradients," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    7. Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Al-Othman, Amani & Abdelwahab, Noun & Alami, Abdul Hai & Olabi, Abdul Ghani, 2021. "Recent developments in pressure retarded osmosis for desalination and power generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    8. Tufa, Ramato Ashu & Pawlowski, Sylwin & Veerman, Joost & Bouzek, Karel & Fontananova, Enrica & di Profio, Gianluca & Velizarov, Svetlozar & Goulão Crespo, João & Nijmeijer, Kitty & Curcio, Efrem, 2018. "Progress and prospects in reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient energy conversion and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 290-331.

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