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Performance and emission characteristics of a vehicle fueled with enriched biogas and natural gases

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  • Lim, Cheolsoo
  • Kim, Daigon
  • Song, Changkeun
  • Kim, Jeongsoo
  • Han, Jinseok
  • Cha, Jun-Seok

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of exhaust emissions and the fuel economy of a compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle fueled with biogas and natural gases. A large CNG vehicle currently used as a city bus in Korea was tested on a chassis dynamometer under the European Transient Cycle (ETC) and the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) 06 cycles. One CH4-enriched biogas (97.6% CH4) and 5 natural gases with different CH4 contents (81.6–94.0% CH4) were used as test fuels. Total hydrocarbons (THC), CO, NOx and CO2 emissions in the NIER 06 cycle were higher than those in the ETC cycle for all tested fuels, while the fuel economy in the NIER 06 cycle was 43.7–51.5% lower than that in the ETC cycle. Total VOC emissions increased with increasing CH4 content in the fuel, with toluene being the highest proportion of the BTEX emissions in both the ETC cycle (72–80%) and the NIER 06 cycle (73–78%). Emissions of elemental/organic carbon exhibited a similar trend to that of nanoparticle emissions. Total organic carbon was mainly comprised of organic compounds at 97–99% (ETC cycle) and 95–99% (NIER 06 cycle). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions in the NIER 06 cycle were 133.3–577.8% higher than in the ETC cycle because of incomplete combustion and an increase in unburned fuel in the NIER 06 cycle, which is a low-speed driving mode. Nanoparticle number concentrations were lowest for M91 among the 6 tested fuels; the total number of particles in the NIER 06 cycle was 33.2–123.8% higher than in the ETC cycle.

Suggested Citation

  • Lim, Cheolsoo & Kim, Daigon & Song, Changkeun & Kim, Jeongsoo & Han, Jinseok & Cha, Jun-Seok, 2015. "Performance and emission characteristics of a vehicle fueled with enriched biogas and natural gases," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 17-29.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:139:y:2015:i:c:p:17-29
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.084
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    4. Kacem, Sahar Hadj & Jemni, Mohamed Ali & Driss, Zied & Abid, Mohamed Salah, 2016. "The effect of H2 enrichment on in-cylinder flow behavior, engine performances and exhaust emissions: Case of LPG-hydrogen engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 961-971.
    5. Channappagoudra, Manjunath, 2020. "Comparative study of baseline and modified engine performance operated with dairy scum biodiesel and Bio-CNG," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 604-618.
    6. Yan, Cheng & Zhu, Liandong & Wang, Yanxin, 2016. "Photosynthetic CO2 uptake by microalgae for biogas upgrading and simultaneously biogas slurry decontamination by using of microalgae photobioreactor under various light wavelengths, light intensities,," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 9-18.
    7. Wei, Zhilong & Zhen, Haisheng & Leung, Chunwah & Cheung, Chunshun & Huang, Zuohua, 2020. "Effects of unburned gases velocity on the CO/NO2/NOx formations and overall emissions of laminar premixed biogas-hydrogen impinging flame," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    8. Channappagoudra, Manjunath & Ramesh, K. & Manavendra, G., 2020. "Effect of injection timing on modified direct injection diesel engine performance operated with dairy scum biodiesel and Bio-CNG," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1019-1032.
    9. Khan, Muhammad Usman & Lee, Jonathan Tian En & Bashir, Muhammad Aamir & Dissanayake, Pavani Dulanja & Ok, Yong Sik & Tong, Yen Wah & Shariati, Mohammad Ali & Wu, Sarah & Ahring, Birgitte Kiaer, 2021. "Current status of biogas upgrading for direct biomethane use: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    10. Lee, Sangho & Yi, Ui Hyung & Jang, Hyungjoon & Park, Cheolwoong & Kim, Changgi, 2021. "Evaluation of emission characteristics of a stoichiometric natural gas engine fueled with compressed natural gas and biomethane," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    11. Reddy, K.S. & Aravindhan, S. & Mallick, Tapas K., 2016. "Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of a biogas fuelled electric generator integrated with solar concentrated photovoltaic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 233-243.
    12. Zhilong Wei & Lei Wang & Hu Liu & Zihao Liu & Haisheng Zhen, 2021. "Numerical Investigation on the Flame Structure and CO/NO Formations of the Laminar Premixed Biogas–Hydrogen Impinging Flame in the Wall Vicinity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-16, November.
    13. Wojcieszak, Dawid & Przybył, Jacek & Myczko, Renata & Myczko, Andrzej, 2018. "Technological and energetic evaluation of maize stover silage for methane production on technical scale," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 903-912.

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