IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v68y2017ip2p852-868.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Renewable energy from biogas with reduced carbon dioxide footprint: Implications of applying different plant configurations and operating pressures

Author

Listed:
  • Budzianowski, Wojciech M.
  • Postawa, Karol

Abstract

Renewable energy from biogas has the potential to decarbonise energy systems. For example, biomethane derived from raw biogas may partially displace fossil fuels in the transportation sector. The implemented renewable energy actually decarbonises energy systems only if its life cycle CO2 footprint is lower than that of displaced conventional technologies, which is sometimes uncertain. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to review and synthesise knowledge available in the academic literature on the CO2 footprint of renewable energy from biogas. The typical life cycle CO2 footprint of biogas reported in literature is between 50 and 450kgCO2/MWhel. The review analyses three phases associated with biogas: (i) biomass production, (ii) biomass-to-biogas conversion, and (iii) biogas end use. It is found that remarkable CO2 footprint reduction can be achieved by innovating the biomass-to-biogas phase through limiting the amount of CO2 liberated to biogas. The mechanism for reducing CO2 footprint is proposed and suitable solutions are discussed and evaluated. The literature review is followed by a case study that improves the practical understanding of CO2 footprint reduction potentials. In the case study anaerobic digestion (AD) and pressurised anaerobic digestion (PAD) are compared in terms of their biomethane, power and heat generations, and CO2 emissions. Six plant configurations involving AD, biogas upgrading and combined heat and power (CHP) generation are modelled and simulated. The results show that due to the methane enrichment in biogas (94% CH4 at the self-sustained digester pressure of 5MPa) CO2 footprint is reduced. It is revealed that PAD based biogas plants may generate high purity biomethane with the extremely low direct CO2 footprint of about 13kgCO2/MWhf which contrasts with conventional CHP systems achieving about direct CO2 footprint of 700kgCO2/MWhel. The study also explores the fundamentals of PAD which is one of emerging biogas technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Budzianowski, Wojciech M. & Postawa, Karol, 2017. "Renewable energy from biogas with reduced carbon dioxide footprint: Implications of applying different plant configurations and operating pressures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 852-868.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:68:y:2017:i:p2:p:852-868
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.076
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032116301885
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.076?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kotarska, Katarzyna & Świerczyńska, Anna & Dziemianowicz, Wojciech, 2015. "Study on the decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass and subjecting it to alcoholic fermentation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 389-394.
    2. Budzianowski, Wojciech Marcin, 2011. "Can ‘negative net CO2 emissions’ from decarbonised biogas-to-electricity contribute to solving Poland’s carbon capture and sequestration dilemmas?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6318-6325.
    3. Igliński, Bartłomiej & Buczkowski, Roman & Cichosz, Marcin, 2015. "Biogas production in Poland—Current state, potential and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 686-695.
    4. Balitskiy, Sergey & Bilan, Yuriy & Strielkowski, Wadim & Štreimikienė, Dalia, 2016. "Energy efficiency and natural gas consumption in the context of economic development in the European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 156-168.
    5. Ingrao, Carlo & Rana, Roberto & Tricase, Caterina & Lombardi, Mariarosaria, 2015. "Application of Carbon Footprint to an agro-biogas supply chain in Southern Italy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 75-88.
    6. Budzianowski, Wojciech M., 2016. "A review of potential innovations for production, conditioning and utilization of biogas with multiple-criteria assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1148-1171.
    7. Heiko Degen & Ali Mostashari & Maik Maurer, 2014. "A sociotechnical systems model for smart-grid adoption in mid-sized urban environments," International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 10(1), pages 1-20.
    8. Ganesh, Ibram, 2016. "Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into renewable fuel chemicals – The role of nanomaterials and the commercialization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1269-1297.
    9. Budzianowski, Wojciech M., 2012. "Value-added carbon management technologies for low CO2 intensive carbon-based energy vectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 280-297.
    10. Patterson, Tim & Esteves, Sandra & Dinsdale, Richard & Guwy, Alan, 2011. "An evaluation of the policy and techno-economic factors affecting the potential for biogas upgrading for transport fuel use in the UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1806-1816, March.
    11. Desideri, U. & Zepparelli, F. & Morettini, V. & Garroni, E., 2013. "Comparative analysis of concentrating solar power and photovoltaic technologies: Technical and environmental evaluations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 765-784.
    12. Hijazi, O. & Munro, S. & Zerhusen, B. & Effenberger, M., 2016. "Review of life cycle assessment for biogas production in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1291-1300.
    13. Gröbl, Thomas & Walter, Heimo & Haider, Markus, 2012. "Biomass steam gasification for production of SNG – Process design and sensitivity analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 451-461.
    14. Budzianowski, Wojciech M. & Budzianowska, Dominika A., 2015. "Economic analysis of biomethane and bioelectricity generation from biogas using different support schemes and plant configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 658-666.
    15. Mengxiang Fang & Qunyang Xiang & Chunjiang Yu & Zhixiang Xia & Xuping Zhou & Danyun Cai & Zhen Wang & Hai Yu, 2015. "Experimental study on CO 2 absorption by aqueous ammonia solution at elevated pressure to enhance CO 2 absorption and suppress ammonia vaporization," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 5(2), pages 210-221, April.
    16. Punam Singh & Pramod Singh & Haripriya Gundimeda, 2014. "Energy and environmental benefits of family biogas plants in India," International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 10(3/4), pages 235-264.
    17. Huopana, Tuomas & Song, Han & Kolehmainen, Mikko & Niska, Harri, 2013. "A regional model for sustainable biogas electricity production: A case study from a Finnish province," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 676-686.
    18. Uusitalo, V. & Havukainen, J. & Manninen, K. & Höhn, J. & Lehtonen, E. & Rasi, S. & Soukka, R. & Horttanainen, M., 2014. "Carbon footprint of selected biomass to biogas production chains and GHG reduction potential in transportation use," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 90-98.
    19. Götz, Manuel & Lefebvre, Jonathan & Mörs, Friedemann & McDaniel Koch, Amy & Graf, Frank & Bajohr, Siegfried & Reimert, Rainer & Kolb, Thomas, 2016. "Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1371-1390.
    20. Auburger, Sebastian & Jacobs, Anna & Märländer, Bernward & Bahrs, Enno, 2016. "Economic optimization of feedstock mix for energy production with biogas technology in Germany with a special focus on sugar beets – Effects on greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 1-11.
    21. Meyer-Aurich, Andreas & Schattauer, Alexander & Hellebrand, Hans Jürgen & Klauss, Hilde & Plöchl, Matthias & Berg, Werner, 2012. "Impact of uncertainties on greenhouse gas mitigation potential of biogas production from agricultural resources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 277-284.
    22. Varun & Bhat, I.K. & Prakash, Ravi, 2009. "LCA of renewable energy for electricity generation systems--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 1067-1073, June.
    23. Pål Börjesson & Thomas Prade & Mikael Lantz & Lovisa Björnsson, 2015. "Energy Crop-Based Biogas as Vehicle Fuel—The Impact of Crop Selection on Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-26, June.
    24. Eriksson, Ola & Bisaillon, Mattias & Haraldsson, Mårten & Sundberg, Johan, 2014. "Integrated waste management as a mean to promote renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 38-42.
    25. Higgins, P. & Foley, A.M. & Douglas, R. & Li, K., 2014. "Impact of offshore wind power forecast error in a carbon constraint electricity market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 187-197.
    26. Ganesh, Ibram, 2014. "Conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol – a potential liquid fuel: Fundamental challenges and opportunities (a review)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 221-257.
    27. Ganesh, Ibram, 2015. "Solar fuels vis-à-vis electricity generation from sunlight: The current state-of-the-art (a review)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 904-932.
    28. Budzianowski, Wojciech M., 2012. "Negative carbon intensity of renewable energy technologies involving biomass or carbon dioxide as inputs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6507-6521.
    29. Hamelin, Lorie & Naroznova, Irina & Wenzel, Henrik, 2014. "Environmental consequences of different carbon alternatives for increased manure-based biogas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 774-782.
    30. Whiting, Andrew & Azapagic, Adisa, 2014. "Life cycle environmental impacts of generating electricity and heat from biogas produced by anaerobic digestion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 181-193.
    31. Lijó, Lucía & González-García, Sara & Bacenetti, Jacopo & Fiala, Marco & Feijoo, Gumersindo & Lema, Juan M. & Moreira, María Teresa, 2014. "Life Cycle Assessment of electricity production in Italy from anaerobic co-digestion of pig slurry and energy crops," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 625-635.
    32. Felten, Daniel & Fröba, Norbert & Fries, Jérôme & Emmerling, Christoph, 2013. "Energy balances and greenhouse gas-mitigation potentials of bioenergy cropping systems (Miscanthus, rapeseed, and maize) based on farming conditions in Western Germany," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 160-174.
    33. Uusitalo, V. & Soukka, R. & Horttanainen, M. & Niskanen, A. & Havukainen, J., 2013. "Economics and greenhouse gas balance of biogas use systems in the Finnish transportation sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 132-140.
    34. Al-Behadili, S.H. & El-Osta, W.B., 2015. "Life Cycle Assessment of Dernah (Libya) wind farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1227-1233.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Baena-Moreno, Francisco M. & Sebastia-Saez, Daniel & Pastor-Pérez, Laura & Reina, Tomas Ramirez, 2021. "Analysis of the potential for biogas upgrading to syngas via catalytic reforming in the United Kingdom," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    2. Postawa, Karol & Szczygieł, Jerzy & Kułażyński, Marek, 2020. "A comprehensive comparison of ODE solvers for biochemical problems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 624-633.
    3. Saeidi, Samrand & Najari, Sara & Fazlollahi, Farhad & Nikoo, Maryam Khoshtinat & Sefidkon, Fatemeh & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Baxter, Larry L., 2017. "Mechanisms and kinetics of CO2 hydrogenation to value-added products: A detailed review on current status and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1292-1311.
    4. Weiliang Wang & Dan Wang & Hongjie Jia & Guixiong He & Qing’e Hu & Pang-Chieh Sui & Menghua Fan, 2017. "Performance Evaluation of a Hydrogen-Based Clean Energy Hub with Electrolyzers as a Self-Regulating Demand Response Management Mechanism," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-23, August.
    5. Hengeveld, E.J. & Bekkering, J. & Van Dael, M. & van Gemert, W.J.T. & Broekhuis, A.A., 2020. "Potential advantages in heat and power production when biogas is collected from several digesters using dedicated pipelines - A case study in the “Province of West-Flanders” (Belgium)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 549-564.
    6. Adam Wąs & Piotr Sulewski & Vitaliy Krupin & Nazariy Popadynets & Agata Malak-Rawlikowska & Magdalena Szymańska & Iryna Skorokhod & Marcin Wysokiński, 2020. "The Potential of Agricultural Biogas Production in Ukraine—Impact on GHG Emissions and Energy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-20, November.
    7. Khoshgoftar Manesh, M.H. & Rezazadeh, A. & Kabiri, S., 2020. "A feasibility study on the potential, economic, and environmental advantages of biogas production from poultry manure in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 87-106.
    8. Budzianowski, Wojciech M. & Nantongo, Irene & Bamutura, Cleus & Rwema, Michel & Lyambai, Martin & Abimana, Colette & Akumu, Eric O. & Alokore, Yunus & Babalola, Samuel O. & Gachuri, Amon K.K. & Hefney, 2018. "Business models and innovativeness of potential renewable energy projects in Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 162-190.
    9. Budzianowski, Wojciech M. & Postawa, Karol, 2016. "Total Chain Integration of sustainable biorefinery systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1432-1446.
    10. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Shih-Cheng, 2018. "Biogas partial oxidation in a heat recirculation reactor for syngas production and CO2 utilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 113-125.
    11. Rittmann, Simon K.-M.R. & Seifert, Arne H. & Bernacchi, Sébastien, 2018. "Kinetics, multivariate statistical modelling, and physiology of CO2-based biological methane production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 751-760.
    12. Robert Czubaszek & Agnieszka Wysocka-Czubaszek & Piotr Banaszuk, 2020. "GHG Emissions and Efficiency of Energy Generation through Anaerobic Fermentation of Wetland Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-25, December.
    13. Su, Bosheng & Han, Wei & Zhang, Xiaosong & Chen, Yi & Wang, Zefeng & Jin, Hongguang, 2018. "Assessment of a combined cooling, heating and power system by synthetic use of biogas and solar energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 922-935.
    14. Chaisri Tarasawatpipat & Thammarak Srimarut & Witthaya Mekhum, 2020. "Seeing Domestic and Industrial Logistic in Context of CO2 Emission: Role of Container Port Traffic, Railway Transport, and Air Transport Intensity in Thailand," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 570-576.
    15. Su, Bosheng & Han, Wei & Jin, Hongguang, 2017. "Proposal and assessment of a novel integrated CCHP system with biogas steam reforming using solar energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1-11.
    16. Sharif, Arshian & Raza, Syed Ali & Ozturk, Ilhan & Afshan, Sahar, 2019. "The dynamic relationship of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption with carbon emission: A global study with the application of heterogeneous panel estimations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 685-691.
    17. Sánchez, Antonio Santos & Silva, Yuri Lopes & Kalid, Ricardo Araújo & Cohim, Eduardo & Torres, Ednildo Andrade, 2017. "Waste bio-refineries for the cassava starch industry: New trends and review of alternatives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1265-1275.
    18. Collins, Seán & Deane, John Paul & Poncelet, Kris & Panos, Evangelos & Pietzcker, Robert C. & Delarue, Erik & Ó Gallachóir, Brian Pádraig, 2017. "Integrating short term variations of the power system into integrated energy system models: A methodological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 839-856.
    19. Elena Tamburini & Mattias Gaglio & Giuseppe Castaldelli & Elisa Anna Fano, 2020. "Is Bioenergy Truly Sustainable When Land-Use-Change (LUC) Emissions Are Accounted for? The Case-Study of Biogas from Agricultural Biomass in Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, April.
    20. De Clercq, Djavan & Wen, Zongguo & Caicedo, Luis & Cao, Xin & Fan, Fei & Xu, Ruifei, 2017. "Application of DEA and statistical inference to model the determinants of biomethane production efficiency: A case study in south China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1231-1243.
    21. Toczyłowska-Mamińska, Renata, 2017. "Limits and perspectives of pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 764-772.
    22. Matheus Koengkan, 2018. "The decline of environmental degradation by renewable energy consumption in the MERCOSUR countries: an approach with ARDL modeling," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 415-425, September.
    23. Francesco Calise & Mário Costa & Qiuwang Wang & Xiliang Zhang & Neven Duić, 2018. "Recent Advances in the Analysis of Sustainable Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-30, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bacenetti, Jacopo & Sala, Cesare & Fusi, Alessandra & Fiala, Marco, 2016. "Agricultural anaerobic digestion plants: What LCA studies pointed out and what can be done to make them more environmentally sustainable," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 669-686.
    2. Auburger, Sebastian & Jacobs, Anna & Märländer, Bernward & Bahrs, Enno, 2016. "Economic optimization of feedstock mix for energy production with biogas technology in Germany with a special focus on sugar beets – Effects on greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 1-11.
    3. Susanne Theuerl & Christiane Herrmann & Monika Heiermann & Philipp Grundmann & Niels Landwehr & Ulrich Kreidenweis & Annette Prochnow, 2019. "The Future Agricultural Biogas Plant in Germany: A Vision," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-32, January.
    4. Ganesh, Ibram, 2016. "Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into renewable fuel chemicals – The role of nanomaterials and the commercialization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1269-1297.
    5. Teymoori Hamzehkolaei, Fatemeh & Amjady, Nima, 2018. "A techno-economic assessment for replacement of conventional fossil fuel based technologies in animal farms with biogas fueled CHP units," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 602-614.
    6. Dandikas, Vasilis & Heuwinkel, Hauke & Lichti, Fabian & Eckl, Thomas & Drewes, Jörg E. & Koch, Konrad, 2018. "Correlation between hydrolysis rate constant and chemical composition of energy crops," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 34-42.
    7. Budzianowski, Wojciech M., 2017. "High-value low-volume bioproducts coupled to bioenergies with potential to enhance business development of sustainable biorefineries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 793-804.
    8. Andreas Kiesel & Moritz Wagner & Iris Lewandowski, 2016. "Environmental Performance of Miscanthus, Switchgrass and Maize: Can C4 Perennials Increase the Sustainability of Biogas Production?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, December.
    9. Jacobs, Anna & Auburger, Sebastian & Bahrs, Enno & Brauer-Siebrecht, Wiebke & Christen, Olaf & Götze, Philipp & Koch, Heinz-Josef & Rücknagel, Jan & Märländer, Bernward, 2017. "Greenhouse gas emission of biogas production out of silage maize and sugar beet – An assessment along the entire production chain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 114-121.
    10. Loh, S.K. & Nasrin, A.B. & Mohamad Azri, S. & Nurul Adela, B. & Muzzammil, N. & Daryl Jay, T. & Stasha Eleanor, R.A. & Lim, W.S. & Choo, Y.M. & Kaltschmitt, M., 2017. "First Report on Malaysia’s experiences and development in biogas capture and utilization from palm oil mill effluent under the Economic Transformation Programme: Current and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1257-1274.
    11. Anna Pääkkönen & Kalle Aro & Pami Aalto & Jukka Konttinen & Matti Kojo, 2019. "The Potential of Biomethane in Replacing Fossil Fuels in Heavy Transport—A Case Study on Finland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-19, August.
    12. Budzianowski, Wojciech M. & Nantongo, Irene & Bamutura, Cleus & Rwema, Michel & Lyambai, Martin & Abimana, Colette & Akumu, Eric O. & Alokore, Yunus & Babalola, Samuel O. & Gachuri, Amon K.K. & Hefney, 2018. "Business models and innovativeness of potential renewable energy projects in Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 162-190.
    13. Lim, Cheolsoo & Kim, Daigon & Song, Changkeun & Kim, Jeongsoo & Han, Jinseok & Cha, Jun-Seok, 2015. "Performance and emission characteristics of a vehicle fueled with enriched biogas and natural gases," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 17-29.
    14. Budzianowski, Wojciech M., 2016. "A review of potential innovations for production, conditioning and utilization of biogas with multiple-criteria assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1148-1171.
    15. Ganesh, Ibram, 2015. "Solar fuels vis-à-vis electricity generation from sunlight: The current state-of-the-art (a review)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 904-932.
    16. Wang, Hanxi & Xu, Jianling & Sheng, Lianxi & Liu, Xuejun, 2018. "Effect of addition of biogas slurry for anaerobic fermentation of deer manure on biogas production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 411-418.
    17. Budzianowski, Wojciech M., 2012. "Target for national carbon intensity of energy by 2050: A case study of Poland's energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 575-581.
    18. Saeidi, Samrand & Najari, Sara & Fazlollahi, Farhad & Nikoo, Maryam Khoshtinat & Sefidkon, Fatemeh & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Baxter, Larry L., 2017. "Mechanisms and kinetics of CO2 hydrogenation to value-added products: A detailed review on current status and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1292-1311.
    19. Hamelin, Lorie & Møller, Henrik Bjarne & Jørgensen, Uffe, 2021. "Harnessing the full potential of biomethane towards tomorrow's bioeconomy: A national case study coupling sustainable agricultural intensification, emerging biogas technologies and energy system analy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    20. Toczyłowska-Mamińska, Renata, 2017. "Limits and perspectives of pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 764-772.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:68:y:2017:i:p2:p:852-868. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.