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Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of microencapsulated phase change material

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  • Giro-Paloma, Jessica
  • Oncins, Gerard
  • Barreneche, Camila
  • Martínez, Mònica
  • Fernández, A. Inés
  • Cabeza, Luisa F.

Abstract

Microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) are well known in advanced technologies for the utilization in active and passive systems, which have the capacity to absorb and slowly release the latent heat involved in a phase change process. Microcapsules consist of little containers, which are made of polymer on the outside, and paraffin wax as PCM in the inside. The use of microencapsulated PCM has many advantages as microcapsules can handle phase change materials as core allowing the preparation of slurries. However there are some concerns about cycling of MPCM slurries because of the breakage of microcapsules during charging/discharging and the subsequent loss of effectiveness. This phenomenon motivates the study of the mechanical response when a force is applied to the microcapsule. The maximum force that Micronal® DS 5001 can afford before breaking was determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). To simulate real conditions in service, assays were done at different temperatures: with the PCM in solid state at 25°C, and with the PCM melted at 45°C and 80°C. To better understand the behavior of these materials, Micronal® DS 5001 microcapsules were characterized using different physic-chemical techniques. Microcapsules Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed the main vibrations corresponding to acrylic groups of the outside polymer. Thermal stability was studied by Thermogravimetrical Analysis (TGA), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to characterize the resulting inorganic residue. The thermal properties were determined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curves. Particles morphology was studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Mie method was used to evaluate the particle size distribution. Samples had a bimodal distribution of size and were formed by two different particles sizes: agglomerates of 150μm diameter formed by small particles of 6μm. Atomic Force Microscopy in nanoindentation mode was used to evaluate the elastic response of the particles at different temperatures. Different values of effective modulus Eeff were calculated for agglomerates and small particles. It was observed that stiffness depended on the temperature assay and particle size, as agglomerates showed higher stiffness than small particles, which showed an important decrease in elastic properties at 80°C.

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  • Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Oncins, Gerard & Barreneche, Camila & Martínez, Mònica & Fernández, A. Inés & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2013. "Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of microencapsulated phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 441-448.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:109:y:2013:i:c:p:441-448
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.007
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    5. Golestaneh, S.I. & Mosallanejad, A. & Karimi, G. & Khorram, M. & Khashi, M., 2016. "Fabrication and characterization of phase change material composite fibers with wide phase-transition temperature range by co-electrospinning method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 409-417.
    6. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Barreneche, Camila & Martínez, Mònica & Šumiga, Boštjan & Fernández, Ana Inés & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2016. "Mechanical response evaluation of microcapsules from different slurries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 732-739.
    7. Han, Pengju & Lu, Lixin & Qiu, Xiaolin & Tang, Yali & Wang, Jun, 2015. "Preparation and characterization of macrocapsules containing microencapsulated PCMs (phase change materials) for thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 531-539.
    8. Behzadi, S. & Farid, M.M., 2014. "Long term thermal stability of organic PCMs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 11-16.
    9. Memon, Shazim Ali & Cui, H.Z. & Zhang, Hang & Xing, Feng, 2015. "Utilization of macro encapsulated phase change materials for the development of thermal energy storage and structural lightweight aggregate concrete," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 43-55.
    10. Barreneche, Camila & Navarro, M. Elena & Fernández, A. Inés & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2013. "Improvement of the thermal inertia of building materials incorporating PCM. Evaluation in the macroscale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 428-432.
    11. Fang, Yutang & Liu, Xin & Liang, Xianghui & Liu, Hong & Gao, Xuenong & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2014. "Ultrasonic synthesis and characterization of polystyrene/n-dotriacontane composite nanoencapsulated phase change material for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 551-556.
    12. Zhao, Manxiang & Zhang, Xu & Kong, Xiangfei, 2020. "Preparation and characterization of a novel composite phase change material with double phase change points based on nanocapsules," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 374-383.
    13. Soares, N. & Gaspar, A.R. & Santos, P. & Costa, J.J., 2015. "Experimental study of the heat transfer through a vertical stack of rectangular cavities filled with phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 192-205.
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