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Preparation and properties studies of halogen-free flame retardant form-stable phase change materials based on paraffin/high density polyethylene composites

Author

Listed:
  • Cai, Yibing
  • Wei, Qufu
  • Huang, Fenglin
  • Gao, Weidong

Abstract

The halogen-free flame retardant form-stable phase change materials (PCM) based on paraffin/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared by using twin-screw extruder technique. The structures and properties of the form-stable PCM composites based on intumescent flame retardant system with expandable graphite (EG) and different synergistic additives, such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and zinc borate (ZB) were characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), dynamic Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Cone calorimeter test. The TGA results showed that the halogen-free flame retardant form-stable PCM composites produced a larger amount of charred residue at 700 °C, although the onset of weight loss of the halogen-free flame retardant form-stable PCM composites occurred at a lower temperature due to the thermal decomposition of flame retardant. The DSC measurements indicated that the additives of flame retardant had little effect on the thermal energy storage property, and the temperatures of phase change peaks and the latent heat of the paraffin showed better occurrence during the freezing process. The dynamic FTIR monitoring results revealed that the breakdowns of main chains (HDPE and paraffin) and formations of various residues increased with increasing thermo-oxidation temperature. It was also found from the Cone calorimeter tests that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) decreased significantly. Both the decrease of the PHRR and the structure of charred residue after combustion indicated that there was a synergistic effect between the EG and APP, contributing to the improved flammability of the halogen-free flame retardant form-stable PCM composites.

Suggested Citation

  • Cai, Yibing & Wei, Qufu & Huang, Fenglin & Gao, Weidong, 2008. "Preparation and properties studies of halogen-free flame retardant form-stable phase change materials based on paraffin/high density polyethylene composites," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(8), pages 765-775, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:85:y:2008:i:8:p:765-775
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Min & Wu, Zhishen & Kao, Hongtao, 2011. "Study on preparation, structure and thermal energy storage property of capric–palmitic acid/attapulgite composite phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(9), pages 3125-3132.
    2. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Oncins, Gerard & Barreneche, Camila & Martínez, Mònica & Fernández, A. Inés & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2013. "Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of microencapsulated phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 441-448.
    3. Chandel, S.S. & Agarwal, Tanya, 2017. "Review of current state of research on energy storage, toxicity, health hazards and commercialization of phase changing materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 581-596.
    4. Qian, Yong & Wei, Ping & Jiang, Pingkai & Li, Zhi & Yan, Yonggang & Liu, Jiping, 2013. "Preparation of a novel PEG composite with halogen-free flame retardant supporting matrix for thermal energy storage application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 321-327.
    5. Zhang, Jiangyun & Shao, Dan & Jiang, Liqin & Zhang, Guoqing & Wu, Hongwei & Day, Rodney & Jiang, Wenzhao, 2022. "Advanced thermal management system driven by phase change materials for power lithium-ion batteries: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    6. Zhu, Xiao & Han, Liang & Lu, Yunfeng & Wei, Fei & Jia, Xilai, 2019. "Geometry-induced thermal storage enhancement of shape-stabilized phase change materials based on oriented carbon nanotubes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    7. Cao, Rui-rui & Li, Xuan & Chen, Sai & Yuan, Hao-ran & Zhang, Xing-xiang, 2017. "Fabrication and characterization of novel shape-stabilized synergistic phase change materials based on PHDA/GO composites," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 157-166.
    8. Kenisarin, Murat M. & Kenisarina, Kamola M., 2012. "Form-stable phase change materials for thermal energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 1999-2040.
    9. Sittisart, Pongphat & Farid, Mohammed M., 2011. "Fire retardants for phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(9), pages 3140-3145.
    10. Cai, Yibing & Ke, Huizhen & Dong, Ju & Wei, Qufu & Lin, Jiulong & Zhao, Yong & Song, Lei & Hu, Yuan & Huang, Fenglin & Gao, Weidong & Fong, Hao, 2011. "Effects of nano-SiO2 on morphology, thermal energy storage, thermal stability, and combustion properties of electrospun lauric acid/PET ultrafine composite fibers as form-stable phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(6), pages 2106-2112, June.
    11. Lazaro, Ana & Peñalosa, Conchita & Solé, Aran & Diarce, Gonzalo & Haussmann, Thomas & Fois, Magali & Zalba, Belén & Gshwander, Stefan & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2013. "Intercomparative tests on phase change materials characterisation with differential scanning calorimeter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 415-420.
    12. Rao, Zhonghao & Wang, Shuangfeng, 2011. "A review of power battery thermal energy management," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4554-4571.
    13. Chen, Mingyi & Yu, Yue & Ouyang, Dongxu & Weng, Jingwen & Zhao, Luyao & Wang, Jian & Chen, Yin, 2024. "Research progress of enhancing battery safety with phase change materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    14. Wang, Lijiu & Meng, Duo, 2010. "Fatty acid eutectic/polymethyl methacrylate composite as form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(8), pages 2660-2665, August.
    15. Li, Liping & Wang, Gang & Guo, Chuigen, 2016. "Influence of intumescent flame retardant on thermal and flame retardancy of eutectic mixed paraffin/polypropylene form-stable phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 428-434.

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